From ef5d393092b07de17c29684357ad6bf8c8722408 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Muralidharan <114425694+murale1@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 20:18:44 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Created using Colab

---
 booksource/exercises/PandasExercises.ipynb | 11278 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11278 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 booksource/exercises/PandasExercises.ipynb

diff --git a/booksource/exercises/PandasExercises.ipynb b/booksource/exercises/PandasExercises.ipynb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3ca85e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/booksource/exercises/PandasExercises.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,11278 @@
+{
+  "cells": [
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "e79a44bb-42c8-4ace-8d71-770c06522bfc",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "e79a44bb-42c8-4ace-8d71-770c06522bfc"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "# Pandas Exercises"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "1d26ef1e-3c49-4a46-a4c5-b68825d5a953",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "1d26ef1e-3c49-4a46-a4c5-b68825d5a953"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Creating DataFrames and Using Sample Data Sets"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "bc5dd17f-4431-4655-b2c5-ea537e23223c",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "bc5dd17f-4431-4655-b2c5-ea537e23223c"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "This is the Jupyter Notebook runnable exercises version of the article, [Pandas Practice Questions – Fifty-Two Examples to Make You an Expert](https://codesolid.com/pandas-practice-questions-twenty-one-examples-to-make-you-an-expert/)."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 2,
+      "id": "df91e92f-5f2b-4e98-81f7-84e7478ed432",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "df91e92f-5f2b-4e98-81f7-84e7478ed432"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "import pandas as pd\n",
+        "import numpy as np\n",
+        "import seaborn as sb"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "tdkheqKk6_4s"
+      },
+      "id": "tdkheqKk6_4s",
+      "execution_count": 2,
+      "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "6950cc47-3cc0-4565-8df1-d01741b7ea5f",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "6950cc47-3cc0-4565-8df1-d01741b7ea5f"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**1.** Using NumPy, create a Pandas DataFrame with five rows and three columms:"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 3,
+      "id": "dd1a5014-d17e-4fd0-b7a2-db261a53a02a",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 143
+        },
+        "id": "dd1a5014-d17e-4fd0-b7a2-db261a53a02a",
+        "outputId": "45ab68cd-eb73-4ff3-9fdd-5580c11d1ccd"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "   0  1  2  3\n",
+              "0  2  8  8  7\n",
+              "1  5  7  7  9\n",
+              "2  8  5  9  7"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-c9ccc629-b125-48fd-896f-9850a3b76161\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>9</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-c9ccc629-b125-48fd-896f-9850a3b76161')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-c9ccc629-b125-48fd-896f-9850a3b76161 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-c9ccc629-b125-48fd-896f-9850a3b76161');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-ab91eac1-a9b0-4c66-9cd5-14ec888e37b2\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-ab91eac1-a9b0-4c66-9cd5-14ec888e37b2')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
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+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-ab91eac1-a9b0-4c66-9cd5-14ec888e37b2 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_35cbff6e-b3da-4ec1-a99b-e5b1bcea9966\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_35cbff6e-b3da-4ec1-a99b-e5b1bcea9966 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df\",\n  \"rows\": 3,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": 0,\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 3,\n        \"min\": 2,\n        \"max\": 8,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2,\n          5,\n          8\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": 1,\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1,\n        \"min\": 5,\n        \"max\": 8,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          8,\n          7,\n          5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": 2,\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1,\n        \"min\": 7,\n        \"max\": 9,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          8,\n          7,\n          9\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": 3,\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1,\n        \"min\": 7,\n        \"max\": 9,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          9,\n          7\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 3
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "array=np.random.randint(1,10,(3,4))\n",
+        "df=pd.DataFrame(array)\n",
+        "df"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "9c74f94d-4adf-403d-a2c4-9efd200ba5b2",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "9c74f94d-4adf-403d-a2c4-9efd200ba5b2"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**2.** For a Pandas DataFrame created from a NumPy array, what is the default behavior for the labels for the columns?  For the rows?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "e7508b50-d724-47a7-8272-9ba040cd9c65",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "e7508b50-d724-47a7-8272-9ba040cd9c65"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "1a20442a-ea2c-4d32-877b-bfe5ae349318",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "1a20442a-ea2c-4d32-877b-bfe5ae349318"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**3.** Create a second DataFrame as above with five rows and three columns, setting the row labels to the names of any five major US cities and the column labels to the first three months of the year."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 4,
+      "id": "02686eae-cba2-4180-94ff-4dc85eca0731",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 206
+        },
+        "id": "02686eae-cba2-4180-94ff-4dc85eca0731",
+        "outputId": "ecb1448f-599a-4af1-ed05-a03a58bd7150"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "            Jan  Feb  Mar\n",
+              "Newyork       1    7    1\n",
+              "Washington    6    4    9\n",
+              "Florida       2    1    4\n",
+              "Texas         4    4    6\n",
+              "Ohio          5    6    3"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-ab229d09-22ad-4394-a014-aa6e5bba62ae\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>Jan</th>\n",
+              "      <th>Feb</th>\n",
+              "      <th>Mar</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Newyork</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Washington</th>\n",
+              "      <td>6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>9</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Florida</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Texas</th>\n",
+              "      <td>4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Ohio</th>\n",
+              "      <td>5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-ab229d09-22ad-4394-a014-aa6e5bba62ae')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-ab229d09-22ad-4394-a014-aa6e5bba62ae button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-ab229d09-22ad-4394-a014-aa6e5bba62ae');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-8956887a-2f7b-4fc2-a2b9-7981e8ce5b27\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-8956887a-2f7b-4fc2-a2b9-7981e8ce5b27')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
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+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-8956887a-2f7b-4fc2-a2b9-7981e8ce5b27 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_15e767b5-28d3-4507-a85a-4e83291537f7\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('array2')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_15e767b5-28d3-4507-a85a-4e83291537f7 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('array2');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "array2",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"array2\",\n  \"rows\": 5,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Jan\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2,\n        \"min\": 1,\n        \"max\": 6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5,\n        \"samples\": [\n          6,\n          5,\n          2\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Feb\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2,\n        \"min\": 1,\n        \"max\": 7,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4,\n          6,\n          7\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Mar\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 3,\n        \"min\": 1,\n        \"max\": 9,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5,\n        \"samples\": [\n          9,\n          3,\n          4\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 4
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "indices=[\"Newyork\",\"Washington\",\"Florida\",\"Texas\",\"Ohio\"]\n",
+        "columns_name=[\"Jan\",\"Feb\",\"Mar\"]\n",
+        "array2=pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(1,10,(5,3)),index=indices,columns=columns_name)\n",
+        "array2"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "f6c2f45b-0fea-49bf-98a0-572d594a0680",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f6c2f45b-0fea-49bf-98a0-572d594a0680"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**4.** You recall that the Seaborn package has some data sets built in, but can't remember how to list and load them. Assuming the functions to do so have \"data\" in the name, how might you locate them?  You can assume a Jupyter Notebook / IPython environment and explain the process, or write the code to do it in Python."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "8afae59d-eb5a-4692-9924-b54d49942769",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8afae59d-eb5a-4692-9924-b54d49942769"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 4,
+      "id": "ce709b0a-cb22-4f33-9492-62f8346d0ef4",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ce709b0a-cb22-4f33-9492-62f8346d0ef4"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "70efcde8-cd73-4d61-8534-e6a3c469dbff",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "70efcde8-cd73-4d61-8534-e6a3c469dbff"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Loading data from CSV"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "00214582-1340-4700-99b5-9f36afce3e16",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "00214582-1340-4700-99b5-9f36afce3e16"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**5**. Zillow home data is available at this URL: https://files.zillowstatic.com/research/public_csvs/zhvi/Metro_zhvi_uc_sfrcondo_tier_0.33_0.67_sm_sa_month.csv\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Open this file as a DataFrame named df_homes in Pandas."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 5,
+      "id": "2838d3d2-5f1c-4e97-aab6-c7236ced82ad",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 530
+        },
+        "id": "2838d3d2-5f1c-4e97-aab6-c7236ced82ad",
+        "outputId": "625ff4d0-c62c-44c9-89d8-27cfb7d72c95"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "     RegionID  SizeRank       RegionName RegionType StateName     2000-01-31  \\\n",
+              "0      102001         0    United States    country       NaN  124952.583264   \n",
+              "1      394913         1     New York, NY        msa        NY  224104.107786   \n",
+              "2      753899         2  Los Angeles, CA        msa        CA  228441.264620   \n",
+              "3      394463         3      Chicago, IL        msa        IL  159204.293651   \n",
+              "4      394514         4       Dallas, TX        msa        TX  130776.117982   \n",
+              "..        ...       ...              ...        ...       ...            ...   \n",
+              "890    753929       935       Zapata, TX        msa        TX            NaN   \n",
+              "891    394743       936    Ketchikan, AK        msa        AK            NaN   \n",
+              "892    753874       937        Craig, CO        msa        CO   99313.814620   \n",
+              "893    395188       938       Vernon, TX        msa        TX            NaN   \n",
+              "894    394767       939       Lamesa, TX        msa        TX            NaN   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2000-02-29     2000-03-31     2000-04-30     2000-05-31  ...  \\\n",
+              "0    125172.414915  125445.038530  126029.762672  126702.710055  ...   \n",
+              "1    225056.423800  226017.559977  227965.193784  229982.036039  ...   \n",
+              "2    229291.355968  230423.669537  232676.593166  235140.585322  ...   \n",
+              "3    159351.670450  159632.352157  160330.618493  161170.548906  ...   \n",
+              "4    130834.366121  130901.328321  131075.222120  131304.496332  ...   \n",
+              "..             ...            ...            ...            ...  ...   \n",
+              "890            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "891            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "892   99567.766989  100040.559776  100713.860374  101496.281760  ...   \n",
+              "893            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "894            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2024-09-30     2024-10-31     2024-11-30     2024-12-31  \\\n",
+              "0    368342.550149  368944.348980  369448.501052  370184.720224   \n",
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+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
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+              "      <td>Los Angeles, CA</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>Dallas, TX</td>\n",
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+              "      <th>894</th>\n",
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+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
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+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
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+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-f38e3d53-3d78-4b44-aa80-fbe230e91d7c button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_7a6bf5f7-b14a-414c-82be-c3bff4782ebc\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df_homes')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_7a6bf5f7-b14a-414c-82be-c3bff4782ebc button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df_homes');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_homes"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 5
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_homes=pd.read_csv(\"https://files.zillowstatic.com/research/public_csvs/zhvi/Metro_zhvi_uc_sfrcondo_tier_0.33_0.67_sm_sa_month.csv\")\n",
+        "df_homes"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "4476553a-1f93-4259-87df-69670ef486c0",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "4476553a-1f93-4259-87df-69670ef486c0"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**6.** Save the DataFrame, df_homes, to a local CSV file, \"zillow_home_data.csv\".  "
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 6,
+      "id": "1d237615-d23c-4f62-a0b8-c709deb95647",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "1d237615-d23c-4f62-a0b8-c709deb95647"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "df_homes.to_csv(\"zillow_home_data.csv\")"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "182e0039-63dc-49df-9413-7eede1453fe0",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "182e0039-63dc-49df-9413-7eede1453fe0"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**7.** Load zillow_home_data.csv back into a new Dataframe, df_homes_2"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 7,
+      "id": "53665adb-adb2-462f-a244-01665182e870",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 547
+        },
+        "id": "53665adb-adb2-462f-a244-01665182e870",
+        "outputId": "c29f8c39-d52f-44df-b4c5-109989fe8fc9"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "     Unnamed: 0  RegionID  SizeRank       RegionName RegionType StateName  \\\n",
+              "0             0    102001         0    United States    country       NaN   \n",
+              "1             1    394913         1     New York, NY        msa        NY   \n",
+              "2             2    753899         2  Los Angeles, CA        msa        CA   \n",
+              "3             3    394463         3      Chicago, IL        msa        IL   \n",
+              "4             4    394514         4       Dallas, TX        msa        TX   \n",
+              "..          ...       ...       ...              ...        ...       ...   \n",
+              "890         890    753929       935       Zapata, TX        msa        TX   \n",
+              "891         891    394743       936    Ketchikan, AK        msa        AK   \n",
+              "892         892    753874       937        Craig, CO        msa        CO   \n",
+              "893         893    395188       938       Vernon, TX        msa        TX   \n",
+              "894         894    394767       939       Lamesa, TX        msa        TX   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2000-01-31     2000-02-29     2000-03-31     2000-04-30  ...  \\\n",
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+              "4    130776.117982  130834.366121  130901.328321  131075.222120  ...   \n",
+              "..             ...            ...            ...            ...  ...   \n",
+              "890            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "891            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "892   99313.814620   99567.766989  100040.559776  100713.860374  ...   \n",
+              "893            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "894            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2024-09-30     2024-10-31     2024-11-30     2024-12-31  \\\n",
+              "0    368342.550149  368944.348980  369448.501052  370184.720224   \n",
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+              "4    386210.886078  386101.104828  385802.176509  385258.927239   \n",
+              "..             ...            ...            ...            ...   \n",
+              "890  142519.346796  141543.788987  140694.812207  140081.758149   \n",
+              "891  384645.541128  386527.958063  387033.635531  387415.739710   \n",
+              "892  290338.697990  292045.315574  293275.268519  294341.950896   \n",
+              "893  113880.850440  111889.316393  109490.077942  107891.774574   \n",
+              "894  109418.481275  109429.692091  108856.803440  108480.184567   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2025-01-31     2025-02-28     2025-03-31     2025-04-30  \\\n",
+              "0    370828.567353  371298.260498  371016.982722  370477.532421   \n",
+              "1    703938.611027  705266.111170  707009.440660  709510.127516   \n",
+              "2    994044.173013  991951.863479  986697.459794  982246.652053   \n",
+              "3    341188.253115  342585.506509  343463.210750  344086.738417   \n",
+              "4    384716.914401  383910.093012  382370.526648  380191.067291   \n",
+              "..             ...            ...            ...            ...   \n",
+              "890  139591.033021  139060.037085  138296.346480  136113.475153   \n",
+              "891  387896.552064  389139.536436  389956.139487  391704.282777   \n",
+              "892  294625.438545  295400.972873  295720.152107  297001.710359   \n",
+              "893  106725.247139  105661.977276  104405.236538  102838.777165   \n",
+              "894  107779.740122  108144.520025  108602.309747  108934.388219   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2025-05-31     2025-06-30  \n",
+              "0    369777.238792  369146.758903  \n",
+              "1    711326.861714  712842.475773  \n",
+              "2    977325.621835  972836.618922  \n",
+              "3    344388.252982  344762.755307  \n",
+              "4    377715.452411  375293.228730  \n",
+              "..             ...            ...  \n",
+              "890  133730.331027  131478.742029  \n",
+              "891  394878.913726  399233.112133  \n",
+              "892  298402.180459  299467.780061  \n",
+              "893  101577.252143  100654.840043  \n",
+              "894  108796.035251  108656.736812  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[895 rows x 312 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
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+              "  <div id=\"df-85f84859-e6a4-483d-ab1b-8aea0c41453c\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
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+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
+              "      <th>RegionID</th>\n",
+              "      <th>SizeRank</th>\n",
+              "      <th>RegionName</th>\n",
+              "      <th>RegionType</th>\n",
+              "      <th>StateName</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-01-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-02-29</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-03-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-04-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-09-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-10-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-11-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-12-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-01-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-02-28</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-03-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-04-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-05-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-06-30</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
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+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>102001</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>United States</td>\n",
+              "      <td>country</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>124952.583264</td>\n",
+              "      <td>125172.414915</td>\n",
+              "      <td>125445.038530</td>\n",
+              "      <td>126029.762672</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>368342.550149</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>369448.501052</td>\n",
+              "      <td>370184.720224</td>\n",
+              "      <td>370828.567353</td>\n",
+              "      <td>371298.260498</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>369777.238792</td>\n",
+              "      <td>369146.758903</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>394913</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>New York, NY</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NY</td>\n",
+              "      <td>224104.107786</td>\n",
+              "      <td>225056.423800</td>\n",
+              "      <td>226017.559977</td>\n",
+              "      <td>227965.193784</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>694463.939098</td>\n",
+              "      <td>698112.907260</td>\n",
+              "      <td>700981.582357</td>\n",
+              "      <td>702828.956760</td>\n",
+              "      <td>703938.611027</td>\n",
+              "      <td>705266.111170</td>\n",
+              "      <td>707009.440660</td>\n",
+              "      <td>709510.127516</td>\n",
+              "      <td>711326.861714</td>\n",
+              "      <td>712842.475773</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>753899</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Los Angeles, CA</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>CA</td>\n",
+              "      <td>228441.264620</td>\n",
+              "      <td>229291.355968</td>\n",
+              "      <td>230423.669537</td>\n",
+              "      <td>232676.593166</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>979263.294758</td>\n",
+              "      <td>984668.937931</td>\n",
+              "      <td>989326.464086</td>\n",
+              "      <td>993489.580771</td>\n",
+              "      <td>994044.173013</td>\n",
+              "      <td>991951.863479</td>\n",
+              "      <td>986697.459794</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>977325.621835</td>\n",
+              "      <td>972836.618922</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>394463</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Chicago, IL</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>IL</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>Ketchikan, AK</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>Craig, CO</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>CO</td>\n",
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+              "      <th>893</th>\n",
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+              "      <th>894</th>\n",
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+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>895 rows × 312 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-85f84859-e6a4-483d-ab1b-8aea0c41453c')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
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+              "\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
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+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-85f84859-e6a4-483d-ab1b-8aea0c41453c button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-85f84859-e6a4-483d-ab1b-8aea0c41453c');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-80205863-87b1-4d75-8d89-d4525fa04035\">\n",
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+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
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+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
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+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-80205863-87b1-4d75-8d89-d4525fa04035 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_73cc0da4-43c8-438d-b921-a9f1aadd56e4\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df_homes_2')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_73cc0da4-43c8-438d-b921-a9f1aadd56e4 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df_homes_2');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_homes_2"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 7
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_homes_2=pd.read_csv(\"zillow_home_data.csv\")\n",
+        "df_homes_2"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "eaaa6d3b-21e6-4e4a-916a-d522f1fd60c6",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "eaaa6d3b-21e6-4e4a-916a-d522f1fd60c6"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**8.** Compare the dimensions of the two DataFrames, df_homes and df_homes_2.  Are they equal?  If not, how can you fix it?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 8,
+      "id": "5c0a7f30-3d6a-4283-9efb-c1dc1d5d7d42",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "5c0a7f30-3d6a-4283-9efb-c1dc1d5d7d42",
+        "outputId": "d137ccb5-0de3-4c7d-fe12-299022cda9ba"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "False"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 8
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_homes.shape==df_homes_2.shape"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "df_homes_2.drop(columns=\"Unnamed: 0\",inplace=True)\n",
+        "df_homes_2"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 530
+        },
+        "id": "TBJG6UW1-3RS",
+        "outputId": "975c870e-7dbc-4f06-b2e4-d8003207d7e4"
+      },
+      "id": "TBJG6UW1-3RS",
+      "execution_count": 9,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "     RegionID  SizeRank       RegionName RegionType StateName     2000-01-31  \\\n",
+              "0      102001         0    United States    country       NaN  124952.583264   \n",
+              "1      394913         1     New York, NY        msa        NY  224104.107786   \n",
+              "2      753899         2  Los Angeles, CA        msa        CA  228441.264620   \n",
+              "3      394463         3      Chicago, IL        msa        IL  159204.293651   \n",
+              "4      394514         4       Dallas, TX        msa        TX  130776.117982   \n",
+              "..        ...       ...              ...        ...       ...            ...   \n",
+              "890    753929       935       Zapata, TX        msa        TX            NaN   \n",
+              "891    394743       936    Ketchikan, AK        msa        AK            NaN   \n",
+              "892    753874       937        Craig, CO        msa        CO   99313.814620   \n",
+              "893    395188       938       Vernon, TX        msa        TX            NaN   \n",
+              "894    394767       939       Lamesa, TX        msa        TX            NaN   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2000-02-29     2000-03-31     2000-04-30     2000-05-31  ...  \\\n",
+              "0    125172.414915  125445.038530  126029.762672  126702.710055  ...   \n",
+              "1    225056.423800  226017.559977  227965.193784  229982.036039  ...   \n",
+              "2    229291.355968  230423.669537  232676.593166  235140.585322  ...   \n",
+              "3    159351.670450  159632.352157  160330.618493  161170.548906  ...   \n",
+              "4    130834.366121  130901.328321  131075.222120  131304.496332  ...   \n",
+              "..             ...            ...            ...            ...  ...   \n",
+              "890            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "891            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "892   99567.766989  100040.559776  100713.860374  101496.281760  ...   \n",
+              "893            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "894            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  ...   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2024-09-30     2024-10-31     2024-11-30     2024-12-31  \\\n",
+              "0    368342.550149  368944.348980  369448.501052  370184.720224   \n",
+              "1    694463.939098  698112.907260  700981.582357  702828.956760   \n",
+              "2    979263.294758  984668.937931  989326.464086  993489.580771   \n",
+              "3    336401.662700  337417.542386  338496.548214  339792.563198   \n",
+              "4    386210.886078  386101.104828  385802.176509  385258.927239   \n",
+              "..             ...            ...            ...            ...   \n",
+              "890  142519.346796  141543.788987  140694.812207  140081.758149   \n",
+              "891  384645.541128  386527.958063  387033.635531  387415.739710   \n",
+              "892  290338.697990  292045.315574  293275.268519  294341.950896   \n",
+              "893  113880.850440  111889.316393  109490.077942  107891.774574   \n",
+              "894  109418.481275  109429.692091  108856.803440  108480.184567   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2025-01-31     2025-02-28     2025-03-31     2025-04-30  \\\n",
+              "0    370828.567353  371298.260498  371016.982722  370477.532421   \n",
+              "1    703938.611027  705266.111170  707009.440660  709510.127516   \n",
+              "2    994044.173013  991951.863479  986697.459794  982246.652053   \n",
+              "3    341188.253115  342585.506509  343463.210750  344086.738417   \n",
+              "4    384716.914401  383910.093012  382370.526648  380191.067291   \n",
+              "..             ...            ...            ...            ...   \n",
+              "890  139591.033021  139060.037085  138296.346480  136113.475153   \n",
+              "891  387896.552064  389139.536436  389956.139487  391704.282777   \n",
+              "892  294625.438545  295400.972873  295720.152107  297001.710359   \n",
+              "893  106725.247139  105661.977276  104405.236538  102838.777165   \n",
+              "894  107779.740122  108144.520025  108602.309747  108934.388219   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "        2025-05-31     2025-06-30  \n",
+              "0    369777.238792  369146.758903  \n",
+              "1    711326.861714  712842.475773  \n",
+              "2    977325.621835  972836.618922  \n",
+              "3    344388.252982  344762.755307  \n",
+              "4    377715.452411  375293.228730  \n",
+              "..             ...            ...  \n",
+              "890  133730.331027  131478.742029  \n",
+              "891  394878.913726  399233.112133  \n",
+              "892  298402.180459  299467.780061  \n",
+              "893  101577.252143  100654.840043  \n",
+              "894  108796.035251  108656.736812  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[895 rows x 311 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
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+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
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+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>RegionID</th>\n",
+              "      <th>SizeRank</th>\n",
+              "      <th>RegionName</th>\n",
+              "      <th>RegionType</th>\n",
+              "      <th>StateName</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-01-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-02-29</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-03-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-04-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2000-05-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-09-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-10-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-11-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2024-12-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-01-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-02-28</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-03-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-04-30</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-05-31</th>\n",
+              "      <th>2025-06-30</th>\n",
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+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>102001</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>United States</td>\n",
+              "      <td>country</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>124952.583264</td>\n",
+              "      <td>125172.414915</td>\n",
+              "      <td>125445.038530</td>\n",
+              "      <td>126029.762672</td>\n",
+              "      <td>126702.710055</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>368342.550149</td>\n",
+              "      <td>368944.348980</td>\n",
+              "      <td>369448.501052</td>\n",
+              "      <td>370184.720224</td>\n",
+              "      <td>370828.567353</td>\n",
+              "      <td>371298.260498</td>\n",
+              "      <td>371016.982722</td>\n",
+              "      <td>370477.532421</td>\n",
+              "      <td>369777.238792</td>\n",
+              "      <td>369146.758903</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>394913</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>New York, NY</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NY</td>\n",
+              "      <td>224104.107786</td>\n",
+              "      <td>225056.423800</td>\n",
+              "      <td>226017.559977</td>\n",
+              "      <td>227965.193784</td>\n",
+              "      <td>229982.036039</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>694463.939098</td>\n",
+              "      <td>698112.907260</td>\n",
+              "      <td>700981.582357</td>\n",
+              "      <td>702828.956760</td>\n",
+              "      <td>703938.611027</td>\n",
+              "      <td>705266.111170</td>\n",
+              "      <td>707009.440660</td>\n",
+              "      <td>709510.127516</td>\n",
+              "      <td>711326.861714</td>\n",
+              "      <td>712842.475773</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>753899</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Los Angeles, CA</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>CA</td>\n",
+              "      <td>228441.264620</td>\n",
+              "      <td>229291.355968</td>\n",
+              "      <td>230423.669537</td>\n",
+              "      <td>232676.593166</td>\n",
+              "      <td>235140.585322</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>984668.937931</td>\n",
+              "      <td>989326.464086</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>972836.618922</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>394463</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Chicago, IL</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>IL</td>\n",
+              "      <td>159204.293651</td>\n",
+              "      <td>159351.670450</td>\n",
+              "      <td>159632.352157</td>\n",
+              "      <td>160330.618493</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>336401.662700</td>\n",
+              "      <td>337417.542386</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>339792.563198</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>344086.738417</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>344762.755307</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>394514</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dallas, TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>130776.117982</td>\n",
+              "      <td>130834.366121</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>385802.176509</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>384716.914401</td>\n",
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+              "      <th>890</th>\n",
+              "      <td>753929</td>\n",
+              "      <td>935</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Zapata, TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>142519.346796</td>\n",
+              "      <td>141543.788987</td>\n",
+              "      <td>140694.812207</td>\n",
+              "      <td>140081.758149</td>\n",
+              "      <td>139591.033021</td>\n",
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+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>891</th>\n",
+              "      <td>394743</td>\n",
+              "      <td>936</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Ketchikan, AK</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>AK</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>384645.541128</td>\n",
+              "      <td>386527.958063</td>\n",
+              "      <td>387033.635531</td>\n",
+              "      <td>387415.739710</td>\n",
+              "      <td>387896.552064</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>389956.139487</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>394878.913726</td>\n",
+              "      <td>399233.112133</td>\n",
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+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>892</th>\n",
+              "      <td>753874</td>\n",
+              "      <td>937</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Craig, CO</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>CO</td>\n",
+              "      <td>99313.814620</td>\n",
+              "      <td>99567.766989</td>\n",
+              "      <td>100040.559776</td>\n",
+              "      <td>100713.860374</td>\n",
+              "      <td>101496.281760</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>290338.697990</td>\n",
+              "      <td>292045.315574</td>\n",
+              "      <td>293275.268519</td>\n",
+              "      <td>294341.950896</td>\n",
+              "      <td>294625.438545</td>\n",
+              "      <td>295400.972873</td>\n",
+              "      <td>295720.152107</td>\n",
+              "      <td>297001.710359</td>\n",
+              "      <td>298402.180459</td>\n",
+              "      <td>299467.780061</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>893</th>\n",
+              "      <td>395188</td>\n",
+              "      <td>938</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Vernon, TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>113880.850440</td>\n",
+              "      <td>111889.316393</td>\n",
+              "      <td>109490.077942</td>\n",
+              "      <td>107891.774574</td>\n",
+              "      <td>106725.247139</td>\n",
+              "      <td>105661.977276</td>\n",
+              "      <td>104405.236538</td>\n",
+              "      <td>102838.777165</td>\n",
+              "      <td>101577.252143</td>\n",
+              "      <td>100654.840043</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>894</th>\n",
+              "      <td>394767</td>\n",
+              "      <td>939</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Lamesa, TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>msa</td>\n",
+              "      <td>TX</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>109418.481275</td>\n",
+              "      <td>109429.692091</td>\n",
+              "      <td>108856.803440</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>108796.035251</td>\n",
+              "      <td>108656.736812</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>895 rows × 311 columns</p>\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-03f829c7-3571-449e-b748-de7b854f8fda')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-03f829c7-3571-449e-b748-de7b854f8fda button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-03f829c7-3571-449e-b748-de7b854f8fda');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-466a8237-6330-4c30-8265-ecbab582900e\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-466a8237-6330-4c30-8265-ecbab582900e')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-466a8237-6330-4c30-8265-ecbab582900e button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_ea3e6b7e-48d6-40d5-9518-dcf0d832a939\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df_homes_2')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_ea3e6b7e-48d6-40d5-9518-dcf0d832a939 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df_homes_2');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_homes_2"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 9
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "0f34b104-fc3a-492c-964b-45daa12850b0",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "0f34b104-fc3a-492c-964b-45daa12850b0"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**9.** A remote spreadsheet showing how a snapshot of how traffic increased for a hypothetical website is available here: https://github.com/CodeSolid/CodeSolid.github.io/raw/main/booksource/data/AnalyticsSnapshot.xlsx. Load the worksheet page of the spreasheet data labelled \"February 2022\" as a DataFrame named \"feb\".  Note: the leftmost column in the spreadsheet is the index column."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 10,
+      "id": "7b8772dd-5d19-4510-a725-80c7273ce61b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 143
+        },
+        "id": "7b8772dd-5d19-4510-a725-80c7273ce61b",
+        "outputId": "1122f1b2-d026-4d18-e6f1-dfc9d4640380"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "            This Month  Last Month  Month to Month Increase\n",
+              "Users             1800         280                 5.428571\n",
+              "New Users         1700         298                 4.704698\n",
+              "Page Views        2534         436                 4.811927"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-bdf9e6a5-14c3-48a7-a5f4-1e2c41960041\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>This Month</th>\n",
+              "      <th>Last Month</th>\n",
+              "      <th>Month to Month Increase</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Users</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1800</td>\n",
+              "      <td>280</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.428571</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>New Users</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1700</td>\n",
+              "      <td>298</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.704698</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Page Views</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2534</td>\n",
+              "      <td>436</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.811927</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-bdf9e6a5-14c3-48a7-a5f4-1e2c41960041')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-bdf9e6a5-14c3-48a7-a5f4-1e2c41960041 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-bdf9e6a5-14c3-48a7-a5f4-1e2c41960041');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-003a1755-4fb3-40b3-80bb-c701bc777b53\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-003a1755-4fb3-40b3-80bb-c701bc777b53')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-003a1755-4fb3-40b3-80bb-c701bc777b53 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_7eff6bc4-a9fa-4a97-b3e1-510282ad116d\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('feb')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_7eff6bc4-a9fa-4a97-b3e1-510282ad116d button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('feb');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "feb",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"feb\",\n  \"rows\": 3,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"This Month\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 455,\n        \"min\": 1700,\n        \"max\": 2534,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1800,\n          1700,\n          2534\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Last Month\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 85,\n        \"min\": 280,\n        \"max\": 436,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          280,\n          298,\n          436\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Month to Month Increase\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.39067069988637804,\n        \"min\": 4.704697987,\n        \"max\": 5.428571429,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          5.428571429,\n          4.704697987,\n          4.811926606\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 10
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "feb=pd.read_excel(\"https://github.com/CodeSolid/CodeSolid.github.io/raw/main/booksource/data/AnalyticsSnapshot.xlsx\",\"February 2022\",index_col=0)\n",
+        "feb"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "ad366534-b168-490c-a55d-654f3ef44288",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ad366534-b168-490c-a55d-654f3ef44288"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**10.** The \"Month to Month Increase\" column is a bit hard to understand, so ignore it for now.  Given the values for \"This Month\" and \"Last Month\", create a new column, \"Percentage Increase\"."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 11,
+      "id": "d053f773-c9a9-4592-aaaa-660ae8e189e5",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 143
+        },
+        "id": "d053f773-c9a9-4592-aaaa-660ae8e189e5",
+        "outputId": "18c91f8f-49fd-4776-b36c-7901e93b9809"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "            This Month  Last Month  Month to Month Increase  \\\n",
+              "Users             1800         280                 5.428571   \n",
+              "New Users         1700         298                 4.704698   \n",
+              "Page Views        2534         436                 4.811927   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "            Percentage Increase  \n",
+              "Users                542.857143  \n",
+              "New Users            470.469799  \n",
+              "Page Views           481.192661  "
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-098a554e-b094-4b2b-8c86-7afb010ff2f7\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>This Month</th>\n",
+              "      <th>Last Month</th>\n",
+              "      <th>Month to Month Increase</th>\n",
+              "      <th>Percentage Increase</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Users</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1800</td>\n",
+              "      <td>280</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.428571</td>\n",
+              "      <td>542.857143</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>New Users</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1700</td>\n",
+              "      <td>298</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.704698</td>\n",
+              "      <td>470.469799</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Page Views</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2534</td>\n",
+              "      <td>436</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.811927</td>\n",
+              "      <td>481.192661</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-098a554e-b094-4b2b-8c86-7afb010ff2f7')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-098a554e-b094-4b2b-8c86-7afb010ff2f7 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-098a554e-b094-4b2b-8c86-7afb010ff2f7');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-886b0af3-ed4e-4f5b-9734-7202407cfe63\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-886b0af3-ed4e-4f5b-9734-7202407cfe63')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-886b0af3-ed4e-4f5b-9734-7202407cfe63 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_3fafb0d3-a317-423b-b14a-0ff2b7067cc8\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('feb')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_3fafb0d3-a317-423b-b14a-0ff2b7067cc8 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('feb');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "feb",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"feb\",\n  \"rows\": 3,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"This Month\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 455,\n        \"min\": 1700,\n        \"max\": 2534,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1800,\n          1700,\n          2534\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Last Month\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 85,\n        \"min\": 280,\n        \"max\": 436,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          280,\n          298,\n          436\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Month to Month Increase\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.39067069988637804,\n        \"min\": 4.704697987,\n        \"max\": 5.428571429,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          5.428571429,\n          4.704697987,\n          4.811926606\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"Percentage Increase\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 39.067069989886505,\n        \"min\": 470.4697986577181,\n        \"max\": 542.8571428571429,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          542.8571428571429,\n          470.4697986577181,\n          481.19266055045875\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 11
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "febf=feb.copy()\n",
+        "feb[\"Percentage Increase\"]=((feb[\"This Month\"]-feb[\"Last Month\"])/feb[\"Last Month\"])*100\n",
+        "feb"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "8a71222f-2ab4-47bb-806d-2610e25b3a91",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8a71222f-2ab4-47bb-806d-2610e25b3a91"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Basic Operations on Data"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "0b9cf32b-3132-40cc-a5ca-26d6e6a36e4b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "0b9cf32b-3132-40cc-a5ca-26d6e6a36e4b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**11.** Using Seaborn, get a dataset about penguins into a dataframe named \"df_penguins\".  Note that because all of the following questions depend on this example, we'll provide the solution here so no one gets stuck:"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 12,
+      "id": "a8b68caf-a998-414a-9de7-899eae7213c7",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "a8b68caf-a998-414a-9de7-899eae7213c7"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins = sb.load_dataset('penguins')"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "f7170135-17bd-45e2-9239-dad647ed6eaf",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f7170135-17bd-45e2-9239-dad647ed6eaf"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**12.** Write the code to show the the number of rows and columns in df_penguins"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 13,
+      "id": "6f565afb-d5f4-462d-b3e5-946bc91bd83e",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "6f565afb-d5f4-462d-b3e5-946bc91bd83e",
+        "outputId": "9fec84d2-7019-4e57-d864-f237226132d1"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "(344, 7)"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 13
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins.shape"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "9d3396f3-3fe6-4571-83b2-1e70f8a11513",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "9d3396f3-3fe6-4571-83b2-1e70f8a11513"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**13.** How might you show the first few rows of df_penguins?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 14,
+      "id": "68d5946e-5011-4735-983e-7485f44a60f2",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 206
+        },
+        "id": "68d5946e-5011-4735-983e-7485f44a60f2",
+        "outputId": "815d0f37-803a-44aa-b87e-8dd985d1831d"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "  species     island  bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "0  Adelie  Torgersen            39.1           18.7              181.0   \n",
+              "1  Adelie  Torgersen            39.5           17.4              186.0   \n",
+              "2  Adelie  Torgersen            40.3           18.0              195.0   \n",
+              "3  Adelie  Torgersen             NaN            NaN                NaN   \n",
+              "4  Adelie  Torgersen            36.7           19.3              193.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "   body_mass_g     sex  \n",
+              "0       3750.0    Male  \n",
+              "1       3800.0  Female  \n",
+              "2       3250.0  Female  \n",
+              "3          NaN     NaN  \n",
+              "4       3450.0  Female  "
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-4e72928f-14c2-4d70-a6f1-66744b805d82\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th>island</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3750.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>186.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3800.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>40.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>195.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3250.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>193.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3450.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-4e72928f-14c2-4d70-a6f1-66744b805d82')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-4e72928f-14c2-4d70-a6f1-66744b805d82 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-4e72928f-14c2-4d70-a6f1-66744b805d82');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-5598a703-02d2-4d24-82d0-c73798778548\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-5598a703-02d2-4d24-82d0-c73798778548')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-5598a703-02d2-4d24-82d0-c73798778548 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_penguins",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins\",\n  \"rows\": 344,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"species\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Adelie\",\n          \"Chinstrap\",\n          \"Gentoo\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"island\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Torgersen\",\n          \"Biscoe\",\n          \"Dream\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.459583713926532,\n        \"min\": 32.1,\n        \"max\": 59.6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 164,\n        \"samples\": [\n          48.2,\n          49.8,\n          45.1\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9747931568167816,\n        \"min\": 13.1,\n        \"max\": 21.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 80,\n        \"samples\": [\n          16.9,\n          18.7,\n          18.6\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 14.061713679356894,\n        \"min\": 172.0,\n        \"max\": 231.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 55,\n        \"samples\": [\n          201.0,\n          180.0,\n          212.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 801.9545356980954,\n        \"min\": 2700.0,\n        \"max\": 6300.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 94,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4350.0,\n          4150.0,\n          3525.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"sex\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Female\",\n          \"Male\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 14
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins.head()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "c841930d-e235-468a-809d-8427f8739076",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "c841930d-e235-468a-809d-8427f8739076"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**14.** How can you return the unique species of penguins from df_penguins?  How many unique species are there?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 15,
+      "id": "130ed9bd-397b-4504-bf26-6b0dc716ba8b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "130ed9bd-397b-4504-bf26-6b0dc716ba8b",
+        "outputId": "82368d39-5c72-4251-9a97-43ccb3022c61"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "array(['Adelie', 'Chinstrap', 'Gentoo'], dtype=object)"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 15
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins[\"species\"].unique()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "3912a3df-d931-4d74-a6fa-34ad11f83f94",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "3912a3df-d931-4d74-a6fa-34ad11f83f94"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**15.** What function can we use to drop the rows that have missing data?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 16,
+      "id": "436cf3d3-db4a-42e3-81d3-9f2df28265f1",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 423
+        },
+        "id": "436cf3d3-db4a-42e3-81d3-9f2df28265f1",
+        "outputId": "2518df98-db8e-4634-f3ca-d059f2a11321"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "    species     island  bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "0    Adelie  Torgersen            39.1           18.7              181.0   \n",
+              "1    Adelie  Torgersen            39.5           17.4              186.0   \n",
+              "2    Adelie  Torgersen            40.3           18.0              195.0   \n",
+              "4    Adelie  Torgersen            36.7           19.3              193.0   \n",
+              "5    Adelie  Torgersen            39.3           20.6              190.0   \n",
+              "..      ...        ...             ...            ...                ...   \n",
+              "338  Gentoo     Biscoe            47.2           13.7              214.0   \n",
+              "340  Gentoo     Biscoe            46.8           14.3              215.0   \n",
+              "341  Gentoo     Biscoe            50.4           15.7              222.0   \n",
+              "342  Gentoo     Biscoe            45.2           14.8              212.0   \n",
+              "343  Gentoo     Biscoe            49.9           16.1              213.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "     body_mass_g     sex  \n",
+              "0         3750.0    Male  \n",
+              "1         3800.0  Female  \n",
+              "2         3250.0  Female  \n",
+              "4         3450.0  Female  \n",
+              "5         3650.0    Male  \n",
+              "..           ...     ...  \n",
+              "338       4925.0  Female  \n",
+              "340       4850.0  Female  \n",
+              "341       5750.0    Male  \n",
+              "342       5200.0  Female  \n",
+              "343       5400.0    Male  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[333 rows x 7 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-4b2f0ca2-cea6-4289-8edb-bb3d3253f64b\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th>island</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3750.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>186.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3800.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>40.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>195.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3250.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>193.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3450.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>5</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>20.6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>190.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3650.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>338</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>47.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>13.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>214.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4925.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>340</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>46.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>215.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>341</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>50.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>222.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5750.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>342</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>45.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>212.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5200.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>343</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>49.9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>213.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5400.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>333 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-4b2f0ca2-cea6-4289-8edb-bb3d3253f64b')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-4b2f0ca2-cea6-4289-8edb-bb3d3253f64b button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-4b2f0ca2-cea6-4289-8edb-bb3d3253f64b');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-a2002d19-c9e3-448f-af11-483b5a238153\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-a2002d19-c9e3-448f-af11-483b5a238153')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-a2002d19-c9e3-448f-af11-483b5a238153 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins\",\n  \"rows\": 333,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"species\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Adelie\",\n          \"Chinstrap\",\n          \"Gentoo\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"island\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Torgersen\",\n          \"Biscoe\",\n          \"Dream\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.468668342647562,\n        \"min\": 32.1,\n        \"max\": 59.6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 163,\n        \"samples\": [\n          59.6,\n          48.1,\n          46.3\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9692354633199,\n        \"min\": 13.1,\n        \"max\": 21.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 79,\n        \"samples\": [\n          19.5,\n          18.7,\n          17.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 14.015765288287882,\n        \"min\": 172.0,\n        \"max\": 231.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 54,\n        \"samples\": [\n          188.0,\n          231.0,\n          224.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 805.2158019428966,\n        \"min\": 2700.0,\n        \"max\": 6300.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 93,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4725.0,\n          3100.0,\n          3575.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"sex\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Female\",\n          \"Male\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 16
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins.dropna()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins"
+      ],
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 423
+        },
+        "id": "DLTClqrvA5W3",
+        "outputId": "2ba7c998-9955-4e08-cf5a-60700cad0859"
+      },
+      "id": "DLTClqrvA5W3",
+      "execution_count": 17,
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "    species     island  bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "0    Adelie  Torgersen            39.1           18.7              181.0   \n",
+              "1    Adelie  Torgersen            39.5           17.4              186.0   \n",
+              "2    Adelie  Torgersen            40.3           18.0              195.0   \n",
+              "3    Adelie  Torgersen             NaN            NaN                NaN   \n",
+              "4    Adelie  Torgersen            36.7           19.3              193.0   \n",
+              "..      ...        ...             ...            ...                ...   \n",
+              "339  Gentoo     Biscoe             NaN            NaN                NaN   \n",
+              "340  Gentoo     Biscoe            46.8           14.3              215.0   \n",
+              "341  Gentoo     Biscoe            50.4           15.7              222.0   \n",
+              "342  Gentoo     Biscoe            45.2           14.8              212.0   \n",
+              "343  Gentoo     Biscoe            49.9           16.1              213.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "     body_mass_g     sex  \n",
+              "0         3750.0    Male  \n",
+              "1         3800.0  Female  \n",
+              "2         3250.0  Female  \n",
+              "3            NaN     NaN  \n",
+              "4         3450.0  Female  \n",
+              "..           ...     ...  \n",
+              "339          NaN     NaN  \n",
+              "340       4850.0  Female  \n",
+              "341       5750.0    Male  \n",
+              "342       5200.0  Female  \n",
+              "343       5400.0    Male  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[344 rows x 7 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-66e797e6-03eb-4096-8c47-1d2c4719047d\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th>island</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3750.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>186.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3800.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>40.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>195.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3250.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>193.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3450.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>339</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>340</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>46.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>215.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>341</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>50.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>222.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5750.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>342</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>45.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>212.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5200.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>343</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>49.9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>213.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5400.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>344 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-66e797e6-03eb-4096-8c47-1d2c4719047d')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-66e797e6-03eb-4096-8c47-1d2c4719047d button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-66e797e6-03eb-4096-8c47-1d2c4719047d');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-89ee279a-f0ea-4211-92ca-a373e91c68d4\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-89ee279a-f0ea-4211-92ca-a373e91c68d4')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-89ee279a-f0ea-4211-92ca-a373e91c68d4 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_ec151f67-bd15-4dd4-a736-0f789f5a02c1\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df_penguins')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_ec151f67-bd15-4dd4-a736-0f789f5a02c1 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df_penguins');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_penguins",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins\",\n  \"rows\": 344,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"species\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Adelie\",\n          \"Chinstrap\",\n          \"Gentoo\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"island\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Torgersen\",\n          \"Biscoe\",\n          \"Dream\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.459583713926532,\n        \"min\": 32.1,\n        \"max\": 59.6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 164,\n        \"samples\": [\n          48.2,\n          49.8,\n          45.1\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9747931568167816,\n        \"min\": 13.1,\n        \"max\": 21.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 80,\n        \"samples\": [\n          16.9,\n          18.7,\n          18.6\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 14.061713679356894,\n        \"min\": 172.0,\n        \"max\": 231.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 55,\n        \"samples\": [\n          201.0,\n          180.0,\n          212.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 801.9545356980954,\n        \"min\": 2700.0,\n        \"max\": 6300.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 94,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4350.0,\n          4150.0,\n          3525.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"sex\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Female\",\n          \"Male\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 17
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "f1feab44-7136-4736-a11c-ee005fdb0698",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f1feab44-7136-4736-a11c-ee005fdb0698"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**16.** By default, will this modify df_penguins or will it return a copy?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "8b0981bc-d8b1-42a5-9df6-e2723f61013c",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "8b0981bc-d8b1-42a5-9df6-e2723f61013c"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "7f35c024-ac5c-43e0-8ea7-3e03953f644b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "7f35c024-ac5c-43e0-8ea7-3e03953f644b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**17.** How can we override the default?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "3f62e100-1000-40df-b21b-6af919fbb945",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "3f62e100-1000-40df-b21b-6af919fbb945"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "a17f9c69-c8e2-4331-b9c7-c5be6a13a968",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "a17f9c69-c8e2-4331-b9c7-c5be6a13a968"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**18.** Create a new DataFrame, df_penguins_full, with the missing data deleted."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 18,
+      "id": "f160094c-ba0c-4fe1-96f0-d6b23e8162c9",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 423
+        },
+        "id": "f160094c-ba0c-4fe1-96f0-d6b23e8162c9",
+        "outputId": "75a67717-d06a-47e6-d654-88cb75753985"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "    species     island  bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "0    Adelie  Torgersen            39.1           18.7              181.0   \n",
+              "1    Adelie  Torgersen            39.5           17.4              186.0   \n",
+              "2    Adelie  Torgersen            40.3           18.0              195.0   \n",
+              "4    Adelie  Torgersen            36.7           19.3              193.0   \n",
+              "5    Adelie  Torgersen            39.3           20.6              190.0   \n",
+              "..      ...        ...             ...            ...                ...   \n",
+              "338  Gentoo     Biscoe            47.2           13.7              214.0   \n",
+              "340  Gentoo     Biscoe            46.8           14.3              215.0   \n",
+              "341  Gentoo     Biscoe            50.4           15.7              222.0   \n",
+              "342  Gentoo     Biscoe            45.2           14.8              212.0   \n",
+              "343  Gentoo     Biscoe            49.9           16.1              213.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "     body_mass_g     sex  \n",
+              "0         3750.0    Male  \n",
+              "1         3800.0  Female  \n",
+              "2         3250.0  Female  \n",
+              "4         3450.0  Female  \n",
+              "5         3650.0    Male  \n",
+              "..           ...     ...  \n",
+              "338       4925.0  Female  \n",
+              "340       4850.0  Female  \n",
+              "341       5750.0    Male  \n",
+              "342       5200.0  Female  \n",
+              "343       5400.0    Male  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[333 rows x 7 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-875e9b48-5c14-46fd-b3df-0a8d1e3b53ff\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th>island</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3750.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>186.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3800.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>40.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>195.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3250.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>193.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3450.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>5</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>39.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>20.6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>190.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3650.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>338</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>47.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>13.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>214.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4925.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>340</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>46.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>215.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>341</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>50.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.7</td>\n",
+              "      <td>222.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5750.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>342</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>45.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>212.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5200.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>343</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>49.9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>213.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5400.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>333 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-875e9b48-5c14-46fd-b3df-0a8d1e3b53ff')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-875e9b48-5c14-46fd-b3df-0a8d1e3b53ff button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-875e9b48-5c14-46fd-b3df-0a8d1e3b53ff');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-b6c7b2e8-33be-4071-9f5b-ef2f536e3c25\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-b6c7b2e8-33be-4071-9f5b-ef2f536e3c25')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
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+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
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+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-b6c7b2e8-33be-4071-9f5b-ef2f536e3c25 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_eaea949e-05cb-4b16-af19-c4daf11d8f8f\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df_penguins_full')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_eaea949e-05cb-4b16-af19-c4daf11d8f8f button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df_penguins_full');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_penguins_full",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins_full\",\n  \"rows\": 333,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"species\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Adelie\",\n          \"Chinstrap\",\n          \"Gentoo\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"island\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Torgersen\",\n          \"Biscoe\",\n          \"Dream\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.468668342647562,\n        \"min\": 32.1,\n        \"max\": 59.6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 163,\n        \"samples\": [\n          59.6,\n          48.1,\n          46.3\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9692354633199,\n        \"min\": 13.1,\n        \"max\": 21.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 79,\n        \"samples\": [\n          19.5,\n          18.7,\n          17.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 14.015765288287882,\n        \"min\": 172.0,\n        \"max\": 231.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 54,\n        \"samples\": [\n          188.0,\n          231.0,\n          224.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 805.2158019428966,\n        \"min\": 2700.0,\n        \"max\": 6300.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 93,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4725.0,\n          3100.0,\n          3575.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"sex\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Female\",\n          \"Male\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 18
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full=df_penguins.dropna().copy()\n",
+        "df_penguins_full"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "c34afa01-c0c4-40fa-b3a6-3b7c6abc58e1",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "c34afa01-c0c4-40fa-b3a6-3b7c6abc58e1"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**19.** What is the average bill length of a penguin, in millimeters, in this (df_full) data set?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 19,
+      "id": "6012e669-3c97-4949-be33-3e44daf9534a",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "6012e669-3c97-4949-be33-3e44daf9534a",
+        "outputId": "3a277681-0f75-4655-adb4-32f48e18d916"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "np.float64(43.99279279279279)"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 19
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full[\"bill_length_mm\"].mean()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "38076367-ae05-4567-8963-12b5e0d77214",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "38076367-ae05-4567-8963-12b5e0d77214"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**20.** Which of the following is most strongly correlated with bill length?  a) Body mass?  b) Flipper length?  c) Bill depth?  Show how you arrived at the answer."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "2edbbf08-8f1d-40ea-b137-cdcdbfe02787",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "2edbbf08-8f1d-40ea-b137-cdcdbfe02787"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 21,
+      "id": "93840bc0-eda0-48fd-b14d-4405a484c547",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 174
+        },
+        "id": "93840bc0-eda0-48fd-b14d-4405a484c547",
+        "outputId": "2eed1bff-226e-4bcb-c80b-8546b6f7856c"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "                   bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "bill_length_mm           1.000000      -0.228626           0.653096   \n",
+              "bill_depth_mm           -0.228626       1.000000          -0.577792   \n",
+              "flipper_length_mm        0.653096      -0.577792           1.000000   \n",
+              "body_mass_g              0.589451      -0.472016           0.872979   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "                   body_mass_g  \n",
+              "bill_length_mm        0.589451  \n",
+              "bill_depth_mm        -0.472016  \n",
+              "flipper_length_mm     0.872979  \n",
+              "body_mass_g           1.000000  "
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-4264d4b5-4018-40ba-ae58-682de607ff4f\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>-0.228626</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.653096</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.589451</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <td>-0.228626</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>-0.577792</td>\n",
+              "      <td>-0.472016</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.653096</td>\n",
+              "      <td>-0.577792</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.872979</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.589451</td>\n",
+              "      <td>-0.472016</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.872979</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-4264d4b5-4018-40ba-ae58-682de607ff4f')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-4264d4b5-4018-40ba-ae58-682de607ff4f button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-4264d4b5-4018-40ba-ae58-682de607ff4f');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-d854bcdf-6a78-424d-9ee0-ef4d763c166d\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-d854bcdf-6a78-424d-9ee0-ef4d763c166d')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
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+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
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+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
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+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins_full\",\n  \"rows\": 4,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.5203481666647599,\n        \"min\": -0.22862563591303017,\n        \"max\": 1.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          -0.22862563591303017,\n          0.5894511101769501,\n          1.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.7279034909476336,\n        \"min\": -0.5777916963366738,\n        \"max\": 1.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1.0,\n          -0.4720156601951401,\n          -0.22862563591303017\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.7242278204887708,\n        \"min\": -0.5777916963366738,\n        \"max\": 1.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          -0.5777916963366738,\n          0.8729788985653616,\n          0.6530956386670871\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.6688064573983192,\n        \"min\": -0.4720156601951401,\n        \"max\": 1.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          -0.4720156601951401,\n          1.0,\n          0.5894511101769501\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 21
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full.corr()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "538ed22f-f2c0-46df-bf41-6a27246e356d",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "538ed22f-f2c0-46df-bf41-6a27246e356d"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**21.** How could you show the median flipper length, grouped by species?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 22,
+      "id": "a39321c8-1822-4078-91f9-6f9a36a3bab7",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 209
+        },
+        "id": "a39321c8-1822-4078-91f9-6f9a36a3bab7",
+        "outputId": "340d18dd-28c9-46f1-e145-45ef4b990fda"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "species\n",
+              "Adelie       190.0\n",
+              "Chinstrap    196.0\n",
+              "Gentoo       216.0\n",
+              "Name: flipper_length_mm, dtype: float64"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "<div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Adelie</th>\n",
+              "      <td>190.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Chinstrap</th>\n",
+              "      <td>196.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Gentoo</th>\n",
+              "      <td>216.0</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div><br><label><b>dtype:</b> float64</label>"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 22
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full.groupby(\"species\")[\"flipper_length_mm\"].median()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "0d6ff0a0-f72b-47a0-a8c5-50cf2e9c8ef4",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "0d6ff0a0-f72b-47a0-a8c5-50cf2e9c8ef4"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**22.** Which species has the longest flippers?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "20f5ec8f-1580-438d-8ddb-ad2eeabed1ba",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "20f5ec8f-1580-438d-8ddb-ad2eeabed1ba"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Gentoo\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "f50dacfd-a59d-4763-b8bf-004a02d8f05f",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f50dacfd-a59d-4763-b8bf-004a02d8f05f"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**23.** Which two species have the most similar mean weight?  Show how you arrived at the answer."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "be5582aa-447d-4645-85cd-072894fcbb82",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "be5582aa-447d-4645-85cd-072894fcbb82"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Adelie and Chinstrap"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 23,
+      "id": "c61f152b-d401-4c28-aea1-014d01100136",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 209
+        },
+        "id": "c61f152b-d401-4c28-aea1-014d01100136",
+        "outputId": "2ed6ab74-fafb-47c8-dd4b-2ce48a697db1"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "species\n",
+              "Adelie       3706.164384\n",
+              "Chinstrap    3733.088235\n",
+              "Gentoo       5092.436975\n",
+              "Name: body_mass_g, dtype: float64"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "<div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Adelie</th>\n",
+              "      <td>3706.164384</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Chinstrap</th>\n",
+              "      <td>3733.088235</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>Gentoo</th>\n",
+              "      <td>5092.436975</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div><br><label><b>dtype:</b> float64</label>"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 23
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full.groupby(\"species\")[\"body_mass_g\"].mean()"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "ddca88e5-374f-4c8a-bf61-26b70a8b3a90",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ddca88e5-374f-4c8a-bf61-26b70a8b3a90"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**24.** How could you sort the rows by bill length?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 24,
+      "id": "4faabd67-0417-45ca-b907-7a170f4e9b71",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 423
+        },
+        "id": "4faabd67-0417-45ca-b907-7a170f4e9b71",
+        "outputId": "8bc736c3-4dfe-4ddb-8eca-971651052528"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "       species     island  bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "142     Adelie      Dream            32.1           15.5              188.0   \n",
+              "98      Adelie      Dream            33.1           16.1              178.0   \n",
+              "70      Adelie  Torgersen            33.5           19.0              190.0   \n",
+              "92      Adelie      Dream            34.0           17.1              185.0   \n",
+              "18      Adelie  Torgersen            34.4           18.4              184.0   \n",
+              "..         ...        ...             ...            ...                ...   \n",
+              "335     Gentoo     Biscoe            55.1           16.0              230.0   \n",
+              "215  Chinstrap      Dream            55.8           19.8              207.0   \n",
+              "321     Gentoo     Biscoe            55.9           17.0              228.0   \n",
+              "169  Chinstrap      Dream            58.0           17.8              181.0   \n",
+              "253     Gentoo     Biscoe            59.6           17.0              230.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "     body_mass_g     sex  \n",
+              "142       3050.0  Female  \n",
+              "98        2900.0  Female  \n",
+              "70        3600.0  Female  \n",
+              "92        3400.0  Female  \n",
+              "18        3325.0  Female  \n",
+              "..           ...     ...  \n",
+              "335       5850.0    Male  \n",
+              "215       4000.0    Male  \n",
+              "321       5600.0    Male  \n",
+              "169       3700.0  Female  \n",
+              "253       6050.0    Male  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[333 rows x 7 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-177e9e64-352e-47ac-9250-0d1dc35d792c\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
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+              "  <thead>\n",
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+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
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+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>142</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>32.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>188.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3050.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>98</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>33.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>178.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2900.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>70</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>33.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>190.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3600.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>92</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>185.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3400.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>18</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>34.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>184.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3325.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>335</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>230.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>215</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Chinstrap</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>207.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4000.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>321</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>228.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5600.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>169</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Chinstrap</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3700.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>253</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>59.6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>230.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6050.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
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+              "<p>333 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
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+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-177e9e64-352e-47ac-9250-0d1dc35d792c button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-177e9e64-352e-47ac-9250-0d1dc35d792c');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-c77fde2f-1b36-4f44-b2bd-69ce0ef9cb63\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-c77fde2f-1b36-4f44-b2bd-69ce0ef9cb63')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-c77fde2f-1b36-4f44-b2bd-69ce0ef9cb63 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins_full\",\n  \"rows\": 333,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"species\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Adelie\",\n          \"Chinstrap\",\n          \"Gentoo\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"island\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Dream\",\n          \"Torgersen\",\n          \"Biscoe\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.468668342647561,\n        \"min\": 32.1,\n        \"max\": 59.6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 163,\n        \"samples\": [\n          50.4,\n          48.2,\n          50.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9692354633199005,\n        \"min\": 13.1,\n        \"max\": 21.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 79,\n        \"samples\": [\n          16.0,\n          15.5,\n          19.5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 14.01576528828788,\n        \"min\": 172.0,\n        \"max\": 231.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 54,\n        \"samples\": [\n          180.0,\n          229.0,\n          224.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 805.2158019428965,\n        \"min\": 2700.0,\n        \"max\": 6300.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 93,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4650.0,\n          3900.0,\n          4775.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"sex\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Male\",\n          \"Female\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 24
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full.sort_values(by=\"bill_length_mm\",ascending=True)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "56d12fe3-805d-4f79-bf83-e515b5070229",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "56d12fe3-805d-4f79-bf83-e515b5070229"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**25.** How could you run the same sort in descending order?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 25,
+      "id": "02544f08-974e-463c-a2da-ac0b3ba3ff0d",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 423
+        },
+        "id": "02544f08-974e-463c-a2da-ac0b3ba3ff0d",
+        "outputId": "ef3a3fa4-1079-4472-9a0a-24003e0a2028"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "       species     island  bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "253     Gentoo     Biscoe            59.6           17.0              230.0   \n",
+              "169  Chinstrap      Dream            58.0           17.8              181.0   \n",
+              "321     Gentoo     Biscoe            55.9           17.0              228.0   \n",
+              "215  Chinstrap      Dream            55.8           19.8              207.0   \n",
+              "335     Gentoo     Biscoe            55.1           16.0              230.0   \n",
+              "..         ...        ...             ...            ...                ...   \n",
+              "18      Adelie  Torgersen            34.4           18.4              184.0   \n",
+              "92      Adelie      Dream            34.0           17.1              185.0   \n",
+              "70      Adelie  Torgersen            33.5           19.0              190.0   \n",
+              "98      Adelie      Dream            33.1           16.1              178.0   \n",
+              "142     Adelie      Dream            32.1           15.5              188.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "     body_mass_g     sex  \n",
+              "253       6050.0    Male  \n",
+              "169       3700.0  Female  \n",
+              "321       5600.0    Male  \n",
+              "215       4000.0    Male  \n",
+              "335       5850.0    Male  \n",
+              "..           ...     ...  \n",
+              "18        3325.0  Female  \n",
+              "92        3400.0  Female  \n",
+              "70        3600.0  Female  \n",
+              "98        2900.0  Female  \n",
+              "142       3050.0  Female  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[333 rows x 7 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-63d335eb-9c8a-4f61-ba09-8a4375edf64e\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th>island</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>253</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>59.6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>230.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6050.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>169</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Chinstrap</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3700.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>321</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>228.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5600.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>215</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Chinstrap</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>207.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4000.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>335</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>230.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>18</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>34.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>184.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3325.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>92</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>185.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3400.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>70</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>33.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>190.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3600.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>98</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>33.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>178.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2900.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>142</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>32.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>188.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3050.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>333 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-63d335eb-9c8a-4f61-ba09-8a4375edf64e')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-63d335eb-9c8a-4f61-ba09-8a4375edf64e button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-63d335eb-9c8a-4f61-ba09-8a4375edf64e');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-f107f4ea-2558-4edb-b8ca-74654124aa63\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-f107f4ea-2558-4edb-b8ca-74654124aa63')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-f107f4ea-2558-4edb-b8ca-74654124aa63 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins_full\",\n  \"rows\": 333,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"species\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Gentoo\",\n          \"Chinstrap\",\n          \"Adelie\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"island\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Biscoe\",\n          \"Dream\",\n          \"Torgersen\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.468668342647561,\n        \"min\": 32.1,\n        \"max\": 59.6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 163,\n        \"samples\": [\n          37.5,\n          39.8,\n          37.9\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9692354633199003,\n        \"min\": 13.1,\n        \"max\": 21.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 79,\n        \"samples\": [\n          18.4,\n          17.0,\n          16.5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 14.015765288287882,\n        \"min\": 172.0,\n        \"max\": 231.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 54,\n        \"samples\": [\n          203.0,\n          183.0,\n          184.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 805.2158019428964,\n        \"min\": 2700.0,\n        \"max\": 6300.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 93,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3600.0,\n          5300.0,\n          4725.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"sex\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Female\",\n          \"Male\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 25
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full.sort_values(by=\"bill_length_mm\",ascending=False)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "3b69d24f-cd5b-41c9-a4eb-b8325251fe7b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "3b69d24f-cd5b-41c9-a4eb-b8325251fe7b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**26.** How could you sort by species first, then by body mass?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 26,
+      "id": "bda80b1d-2773-493f-b13d-7b2fa60e6849",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 423
+        },
+        "id": "bda80b1d-2773-493f-b13d-7b2fa60e6849",
+        "outputId": "c7f1a2fa-7d6b-4b18-d1fa-fd8c130f8333"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "    species     island  bill_length_mm  bill_depth_mm  flipper_length_mm  \\\n",
+              "58   Adelie     Biscoe            36.5           16.6              181.0   \n",
+              "64   Adelie     Biscoe            36.4           17.1              184.0   \n",
+              "54   Adelie     Biscoe            34.5           18.1              187.0   \n",
+              "98   Adelie      Dream            33.1           16.1              178.0   \n",
+              "116  Adelie  Torgersen            38.6           17.0              188.0   \n",
+              "..      ...        ...             ...            ...                ...   \n",
+              "331  Gentoo     Biscoe            49.8           15.9              229.0   \n",
+              "297  Gentoo     Biscoe            51.1           16.3              220.0   \n",
+              "337  Gentoo     Biscoe            48.8           16.2              222.0   \n",
+              "253  Gentoo     Biscoe            59.6           17.0              230.0   \n",
+              "237  Gentoo     Biscoe            49.2           15.2              221.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "     body_mass_g     sex  \n",
+              "58        2850.0  Female  \n",
+              "64        2850.0  Female  \n",
+              "54        2900.0  Female  \n",
+              "98        2900.0  Female  \n",
+              "116       2900.0  Female  \n",
+              "..           ...     ...  \n",
+              "331       5950.0    Male  \n",
+              "297       6000.0    Male  \n",
+              "337       6000.0    Male  \n",
+              "253       6050.0    Male  \n",
+              "237       6300.0    Male  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[333 rows x 7 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-59db6e5e-f3be-4b39-b13c-605a40f2fea9\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>species</th>\n",
+              "      <th>island</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>bill_depth_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>flipper_length_mm</th>\n",
+              "      <th>body_mass_g</th>\n",
+              "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>58</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>181.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>64</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>184.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2850.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>54</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>34.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>187.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2900.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>98</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Dream</td>\n",
+              "      <td>33.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>178.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2900.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>116</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Adelie</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Torgersen</td>\n",
+              "      <td>38.6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>188.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2900.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Female</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>331</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>49.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>229.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5950.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>297</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>51.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>220.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6000.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>337</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>48.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>222.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6000.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>253</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>59.6</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>230.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6050.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>237</th>\n",
+              "      <td>Gentoo</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Biscoe</td>\n",
+              "      <td>49.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>221.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6300.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Male</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>333 rows × 7 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-59db6e5e-f3be-4b39-b13c-605a40f2fea9')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-59db6e5e-f3be-4b39-b13c-605a40f2fea9 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-59db6e5e-f3be-4b39-b13c-605a40f2fea9');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-9f3fec12-6c53-42ae-9d37-cdca97c89e9b\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-9f3fec12-6c53-42ae-9d37-cdca97c89e9b')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
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+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-9f3fec12-6c53-42ae-9d37-cdca97c89e9b button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_penguins_full\",\n  \"rows\": 333,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"species\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Adelie\",\n          \"Chinstrap\",\n          \"Gentoo\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"island\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Biscoe\",\n          \"Dream\",\n          \"Torgersen\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.468668342647559,\n        \"min\": 32.1,\n        \"max\": 59.6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 163,\n        \"samples\": [\n          49.1,\n          51.4,\n          45.1\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"bill_depth_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9692354633199007,\n        \"min\": 13.1,\n        \"max\": 21.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 79,\n        \"samples\": [\n          18.9,\n          16.6,\n          18.4\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"flipper_length_mm\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 14.01576528828788,\n        \"min\": 172.0,\n        \"max\": 231.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 54,\n        \"samples\": [\n          197.0,\n          228.0,\n          224.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"body_mass_g\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 805.2158019428966,\n        \"min\": 2700.0,\n        \"max\": 6300.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 93,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4250.0,\n          3625.0,\n          3525.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"sex\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Male\",\n          \"Female\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 26
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_penguins_full.sort_values(by=[\"species\",\"body_mass_g\"],ascending=[True,True])"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "82890e5f-d9f7-4729-a179-b0883f1bc498",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "82890e5f-d9f7-4729-a179-b0883f1bc498"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Selecting Rows, Columns, and Cells\n",
+        "\n",
+        "Let's look at some precious stones now, and leave the poor penguins alone for a while.  Let's look at some precious stones now, and leave the poor penguins alone for a while.  "
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "5d1abb35-5d24-4bd2-89d4-dd9dbbdadccf",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "5d1abb35-5d24-4bd2-89d4-dd9dbbdadccf"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**27.** Load the Seaborn \"diamonds\" dataset into a Pandas dataframe named diamonds."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 27,
+      "id": "9247186e-0c21-43d3-88db-79c7f4ecbc06",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 423
+        },
+        "id": "9247186e-0c21-43d3-88db-79c7f4ecbc06",
+        "outputId": "c1a82fb4-b27a-4394-9b9f-c91f4b1c524f"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "       carat        cut color clarity  depth  table  price     x     y     z\n",
+              "0       0.23      Ideal     E     SI2   61.5   55.0    326  3.95  3.98  2.43\n",
+              "1       0.21    Premium     E     SI1   59.8   61.0    326  3.89  3.84  2.31\n",
+              "2       0.23       Good     E     VS1   56.9   65.0    327  4.05  4.07  2.31\n",
+              "3       0.29    Premium     I     VS2   62.4   58.0    334  4.20  4.23  2.63\n",
+              "4       0.31       Good     J     SI2   63.3   58.0    335  4.34  4.35  2.75\n",
+              "...      ...        ...   ...     ...    ...    ...    ...   ...   ...   ...\n",
+              "53935   0.72      Ideal     D     SI1   60.8   57.0   2757  5.75  5.76  3.50\n",
+              "53936   0.72       Good     D     SI1   63.1   55.0   2757  5.69  5.75  3.61\n",
+              "53937   0.70  Very Good     D     SI1   62.8   60.0   2757  5.66  5.68  3.56\n",
+              "53938   0.86    Premium     H     SI2   61.0   58.0   2757  6.15  6.12  3.74\n",
+              "53939   0.75      Ideal     D     SI2   62.2   55.0   2757  5.83  5.87  3.64\n",
+              "\n",
+              "[53940 rows x 10 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-af44ff97-f85f-4793-887e-c8bb1a014fee\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>carat</th>\n",
+              "      <th>cut</th>\n",
+              "      <th>color</th>\n",
+              "      <th>clarity</th>\n",
+              "      <th>depth</th>\n",
+              "      <th>table</th>\n",
+              "      <th>price</th>\n",
+              "      <th>x</th>\n",
+              "      <th>y</th>\n",
+              "      <th>z</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Ideal</td>\n",
+              "      <td>E</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>61.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>326</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.95</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.98</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.43</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.21</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Premium</td>\n",
+              "      <td>E</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>59.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>61.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>326</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.89</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.84</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.31</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Good</td>\n",
+              "      <td>E</td>\n",
+              "      <td>VS1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>56.9</td>\n",
+              "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>327</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.05</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.07</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.31</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.29</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Premium</td>\n",
+              "      <td>I</td>\n",
+              "      <td>VS2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>62.4</td>\n",
+              "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>334</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.20</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.23</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.63</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.31</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Good</td>\n",
+              "      <td>J</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>63.3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>335</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.34</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.35</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.75</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>53935</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.72</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Ideal</td>\n",
+              "      <td>D</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>60.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2757</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.75</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.76</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.50</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>53936</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.72</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Good</td>\n",
+              "      <td>D</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>63.1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2757</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.69</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.75</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.61</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>53937</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.70</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Very Good</td>\n",
+              "      <td>D</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>62.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2757</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.66</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.68</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.56</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>53938</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.86</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Premium</td>\n",
+              "      <td>H</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>61.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2757</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.15</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.12</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.74</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>53939</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.75</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Ideal</td>\n",
+              "      <td>D</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>62.2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2757</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.83</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.87</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.64</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>53940 rows × 10 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-af44ff97-f85f-4793-887e-c8bb1a014fee')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-af44ff97-f85f-4793-887e-c8bb1a014fee button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-af44ff97-f85f-4793-887e-c8bb1a014fee');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-d910be43-2f1d-495e-a90f-2ff80b1c3ece\">\n",
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+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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+              "    20% {\n",
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+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
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+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-d910be43-2f1d-495e-a90f-2ff80b1c3ece button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_19ca1e5e-11c7-48a2-ba76-2db1d43e2599\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df_diamonds')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_19ca1e5e-11c7-48a2-ba76-2db1d43e2599 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
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+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df_diamonds');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_diamonds",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_diamonds\",\n  \"rows\": 53940,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"carat\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.47401124440538067,\n        \"min\": 0.2,\n        \"max\": 5.01,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 273,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.77,\n          1.58,\n          0.65\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"cut\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Premium\",\n          \"Fair\",\n          \"Good\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"color\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"E\",\n          \"I\",\n          \"G\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"clarity\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"SI1\",\n          \"VVS1\",\n          \"SI2\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"depth\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.4326213188337733,\n        \"min\": 43.0,\n        \"max\": 79.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 184,\n        \"samples\": [\n          61.0,\n          62.9,\n          70.2\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"table\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2.234490562820938,\n        \"min\": 43.0,\n        \"max\": 95.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 127,\n        \"samples\": [\n          54.8,\n          61.5,\n          57.6\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"price\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 3989,\n        \"min\": 326,\n        \"max\": 18823,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 11602,\n        \"samples\": [\n          16368,\n          895,\n          748\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"x\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.1217607467924422,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 10.74,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 554,\n        \"samples\": [\n          5.88,\n          5.69,\n          4.61\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"y\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.1421346741235396,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 58.9,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 552,\n        \"samples\": [\n          5.33,\n          5.61,\n          5.25\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"z\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.7056988469499964,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 31.8,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 375,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.36,\n          2.45,\n          2.7\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 27
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds=sb.load_dataset(\"diamonds\")\n",
+        "df_diamonds"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "cbe20f32-5cb2-4191-9994-dbadaf7488dd",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "cbe20f32-5cb2-4191-9994-dbadaf7488dd"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**28.** Display the columns that are available."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 28,
+      "id": "c12fd634-2c83-4130-87f3-5580e42ce496",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "c12fd634-2c83-4130-87f3-5580e42ce496",
+        "outputId": "dec24bb9-bfac-4585-de73-1c4de22367f0"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "Index(['carat', 'cut', 'color', 'clarity', 'depth', 'table', 'price', 'x', 'y',\n",
+              "       'z'],\n",
+              "      dtype='object')"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 28
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds.columns"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "505b677e-c1bb-4daa-8615-a78ea4860a71",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "505b677e-c1bb-4daa-8615-a78ea4860a71"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**29.** If you select a single column from the diamonds DataFrame, what will be the type of the return value?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "10307c17-e2ad-48ce-b0b9-ddde83b5f6c3",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "10307c17-e2ad-48ce-b0b9-ddde83b5f6c3"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "tuple\n"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "5f5d7cae-b784-449d-be28-a1473721b4fa",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "5f5d7cae-b784-449d-be28-a1473721b4fa"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**30.** Select the 'table' column and show its type"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 30,
+      "id": "18963cfe-266d-4ca6-9471-b47000c35ee5",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "18963cfe-266d-4ca6-9471-b47000c35ee5",
+        "outputId": "88a1182f-2df9-4341-ea43-f5f31f773342"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "dtype('float64')"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 30
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds[\"table\"].dtype"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "82de5bb4-baed-422e-83a6-d7581ea15ab8",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "82de5bb4-baed-422e-83a6-d7581ea15ab8"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**31.** Select the first ten rows of the price and carat columns ten rows of the diamonds DataFrame into a variable called subset, and display them."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 31,
+      "id": "55ccbc17-b267-4ffb-9876-d2192ba2437d",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 363
+        },
+        "id": "55ccbc17-b267-4ffb-9876-d2192ba2437d",
+        "outputId": "44e05385-ea7d-42ac-f119-41950861ca5c"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "   price  carat\n",
+              "0    326   0.23\n",
+              "1    326   0.21\n",
+              "2    327   0.23\n",
+              "3    334   0.29\n",
+              "4    335   0.31\n",
+              "5    336   0.24\n",
+              "6    336   0.24\n",
+              "7    337   0.26\n",
+              "8    337   0.22\n",
+              "9    338   0.23"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-ad80f248-aa9e-417f-b72a-e185b1e9500f\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
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+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>price</th>\n",
+              "      <th>carat</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>326</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>326</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.21</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>327</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>334</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.29</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>335</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.31</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>5</th>\n",
+              "      <td>336</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.24</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6</th>\n",
+              "      <td>336</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.24</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>7</th>\n",
+              "      <td>337</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.26</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>8</th>\n",
+              "      <td>337</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.22</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>9</th>\n",
+              "      <td>338</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-ad80f248-aa9e-417f-b72a-e185b1e9500f')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-ad80f248-aa9e-417f-b72a-e185b1e9500f button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-ad80f248-aa9e-417f-b72a-e185b1e9500f');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-4378ebfa-f204-4a25-9f20-efdcf64102bf\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-4378ebfa-f204-4a25-9f20-efdcf64102bf')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-4378ebfa-f204-4a25-9f20-efdcf64102bf button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_964bcf07-5ba8-45e0-a7af-de3b8d37a482\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('subset')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_964bcf07-5ba8-45e0-a7af-de3b8d37a482 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('subset');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "subset",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"subset\",\n  \"rows\": 10,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"price\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 4,\n        \"min\": 326,\n        \"max\": 338,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          326,\n          327,\n          337\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"carat\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.03169297153067923,\n        \"min\": 0.21,\n        \"max\": 0.31,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.23,\n          0.21,\n          0.26\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 31
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "subset=df_diamonds[[\"price\",\"carat\"]].head(10)\n",
+        "subset"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "source": [],
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "btDN1wAAYGwK"
+      },
+      "id": "btDN1wAAYGwK",
+      "execution_count": null,
+      "outputs": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "fdb4c150-ebdc-420d-979b-14231fc4764b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "fdb4c150-ebdc-420d-979b-14231fc4764b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**32.** For a given column, show the code to display the datatype of the _values_ in the column?  "
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 32,
+      "id": "bb6b2d54-e58f-4da4-bcf2-a4d08ee34602",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "bb6b2d54-e58f-4da4-bcf2-a4d08ee34602",
+        "outputId": "94ed71fa-f7bb-45a1-8bd7-e820db5d1845"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "dtype('int64')"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 32
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds[\"price\"].dtype"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "ca510203-8c7e-48a1-81c3-c9e1bc5aa7b1",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ca510203-8c7e-48a1-81c3-c9e1bc5aa7b1"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**33.** Select the first row of the diamonds DataFrame into a variable called row."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 40,
+      "id": "8535dd1a-db9d-49c7-a6b2-0257616d7334",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 89
+        },
+        "id": "8535dd1a-db9d-49c7-a6b2-0257616d7334",
+        "outputId": "c5e27975-13e5-4cef-a1fb-33cfee7ccd53"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "   carat    cut color clarity  depth  table  price     x     y     z\n",
+              "0   0.23  Ideal     E     SI2   61.5   55.0    326  3.95  3.98  2.43"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-5f17e93b-e83d-47f4-80e6-9c3dc77b666f\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>carat</th>\n",
+              "      <th>cut</th>\n",
+              "      <th>color</th>\n",
+              "      <th>clarity</th>\n",
+              "      <th>depth</th>\n",
+              "      <th>table</th>\n",
+              "      <th>price</th>\n",
+              "      <th>x</th>\n",
+              "      <th>y</th>\n",
+              "      <th>z</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Ideal</td>\n",
+              "      <td>E</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>61.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>326</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.95</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.98</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.43</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-5f17e93b-e83d-47f4-80e6-9c3dc77b666f')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-5f17e93b-e83d-47f4-80e6-9c3dc77b666f button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-5f17e93b-e83d-47f4-80e6-9c3dc77b666f');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_a0036498-9b23-4f4c-9453-9f102efdf086\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('row')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_a0036498-9b23-4f4c-9453-9f102efdf086 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('row');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "row",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"row\",\n  \"rows\": 1,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"carat\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 0.23,\n        \"max\": 0.23,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.23\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"cut\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Ideal\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"color\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"E\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"clarity\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"SI2\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"depth\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 61.5,\n        \"max\": 61.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          61.5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"table\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 55.0,\n        \"max\": 55.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          55.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"price\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 326,\n        \"max\": 326,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          326\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"x\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 3.95,\n        \"max\": 3.95,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.95\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"y\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 3.98,\n        \"max\": 3.98,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.98\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"z\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 2.43,\n        \"max\": 2.43,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2.43\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 40
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "row=df_diamonds.head(1)\n",
+        "row"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "edbd9394-ec43-479c-919a-5eab17acb792",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "edbd9394-ec43-479c-919a-5eab17acb792"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**34.** What would you expect the data type of the row to be?  Display it."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "22d7c0bd-cf41-491e-8fc5-41aed540c16e",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "22d7c0bd-cf41-491e-8fc5-41aed540c16e"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "A Pandas series"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 41,
+      "id": "777274bd-3653-4d0c-b73e-75f879cb48ae",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 80
+        },
+        "id": "777274bd-3653-4d0c-b73e-75f879cb48ae",
+        "outputId": "193f5e0a-cc6b-4f91-e199-89989f9883c6"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "   carat    cut color clarity  depth  table  price     x     y     z\n",
+              "0   0.23  Ideal     E     SI2   61.5   55.0    326  3.95  3.98  2.43"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-fe56999b-57d7-4672-8348-1e3590d0a9c2\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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+              "\n",
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+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>carat</th>\n",
+              "      <th>cut</th>\n",
+              "      <th>color</th>\n",
+              "      <th>clarity</th>\n",
+              "      <th>depth</th>\n",
+              "      <th>table</th>\n",
+              "      <th>price</th>\n",
+              "      <th>x</th>\n",
+              "      <th>y</th>\n",
+              "      <th>z</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Ideal</td>\n",
+              "      <td>E</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>61.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>326</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.95</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.98</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.43</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-fe56999b-57d7-4672-8348-1e3590d0a9c2')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-fe56999b-57d7-4672-8348-1e3590d0a9c2 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-fe56999b-57d7-4672-8348-1e3590d0a9c2');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_diamonds",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_diamonds\",\n  \"rows\": 53940,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"carat\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.47401124440538067,\n        \"min\": 0.2,\n        \"max\": 5.01,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 273,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.77,\n          1.58,\n          0.65\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"cut\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Premium\",\n          \"Fair\",\n          \"Good\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"color\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"E\",\n          \"I\",\n          \"G\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"clarity\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 8,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"SI1\",\n          \"VVS1\",\n          \"SI2\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"depth\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.4326213188337733,\n        \"min\": 43.0,\n        \"max\": 79.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 184,\n        \"samples\": [\n          61.0,\n          62.9,\n          70.2\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"table\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2.234490562820938,\n        \"min\": 43.0,\n        \"max\": 95.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 127,\n        \"samples\": [\n          54.8,\n          61.5,\n          57.6\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"price\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 3989,\n        \"min\": 326,\n        \"max\": 18823,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 11602,\n        \"samples\": [\n          16368,\n          895,\n          748\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"x\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.1217607467924422,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 10.74,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 554,\n        \"samples\": [\n          5.88,\n          5.69,\n          4.61\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"y\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.1421346741235396,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 58.9,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 552,\n        \"samples\": [\n          5.33,\n          5.61,\n          5.25\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"z\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.7056988469499964,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 31.8,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 375,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.36,\n          2.45,\n          2.7\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 41
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds.head(1)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "f6027d4a-4df5-45c6-bb82-c4ed046c2681",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "f6027d4a-4df5-45c6-bb82-c4ed046c2681"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**35.** Can you discover the names of the columns using only the row returned in #33?  Why or why not?Can you discover the names of the columns using only the row returned in #33?  Why or why not?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "55c063e1-2346-4782-9133-e684c2714fe0",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "55c063e1-2346-4782-9133-e684c2714fe0"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Yes, because a row series should have the columns as the index (See below):"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 42,
+      "id": "1a5b9a02-9764-43b7-b49b-4522506e5669",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/"
+        },
+        "id": "1a5b9a02-9764-43b7-b49b-4522506e5669",
+        "outputId": "8871fb6b-9f7c-48b4-808c-d41a7f5ade97"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "Index(['carat', 'cut', 'color', 'clarity', 'depth', 'table', 'price', 'x', 'y',\n",
+              "       'z'],\n",
+              "      dtype='object')"
+            ]
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 42
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds.columns"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "369f761e-0dbe-4589-835f-526ab8f9884f",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "369f761e-0dbe-4589-835f-526ab8f9884f"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**36.** Select the row with the highest priced diamond."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 44,
+      "id": "41f8510d-cf79-43eb-910c-1c03aebc21ba",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 80
+        },
+        "id": "41f8510d-cf79-43eb-910c-1c03aebc21ba",
+        "outputId": "69e5b568-a522-451e-e29d-32c954ac21db"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "       carat      cut color clarity  depth  table  price    x     y     z\n",
+              "27749   2.29  Premium     I     VS2   60.8   60.0  18823  8.5  8.47  5.16"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-4cc04e5c-bc23-49f4-83f2-61a5f390d474\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>carat</th>\n",
+              "      <th>cut</th>\n",
+              "      <th>color</th>\n",
+              "      <th>clarity</th>\n",
+              "      <th>depth</th>\n",
+              "      <th>table</th>\n",
+              "      <th>price</th>\n",
+              "      <th>x</th>\n",
+              "      <th>y</th>\n",
+              "      <th>z</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>27749</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.29</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Premium</td>\n",
+              "      <td>I</td>\n",
+              "      <td>VS2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>60.8</td>\n",
+              "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18823</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8.47</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.16</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
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+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-4cc04e5c-bc23-49f4-83f2-61a5f390d474 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-4cc04e5c-bc23-49f4-83f2-61a5f390d474');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_diamonds\",\n  \"rows\": 1,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"carat\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 2.29,\n        \"max\": 2.29,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2.29\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"cut\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Premium\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"color\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"I\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"clarity\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"VS2\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"depth\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 60.8,\n        \"max\": 60.8,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          60.8\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"table\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 60.0,\n        \"max\": 60.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          60.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"price\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 18823,\n        \"max\": 18823,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          18823\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"x\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 8.5,\n        \"max\": 8.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          8.5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"y\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 8.47,\n        \"max\": 8.47,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          8.47\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"z\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 5.16,\n        \"max\": 5.16,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          5.16\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 44
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds.sort_values(by=\"price\",ascending=False).head(1)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "2694d362-a5d1-4ad9-8b09-f408d7531948",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "2694d362-a5d1-4ad9-8b09-f408d7531948"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**37.** Select the row with the lowest priced diamond."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 45,
+      "id": "b6559ffa-fbb6-4ce9-b882-5bccbf5403e4",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 80
+        },
+        "id": "b6559ffa-fbb6-4ce9-b882-5bccbf5403e4",
+        "outputId": "749f381b-17c1-4d41-fafc-9ce618f44da0"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "   carat    cut color clarity  depth  table  price     x     y     z\n",
+              "0   0.23  Ideal     E     SI2   61.5   55.0    326  3.95  3.98  2.43"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-9795945e-ea11-4d1f-80fa-9a5f752522f7\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
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+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>carat</th>\n",
+              "      <th>cut</th>\n",
+              "      <th>color</th>\n",
+              "      <th>clarity</th>\n",
+              "      <th>depth</th>\n",
+              "      <th>table</th>\n",
+              "      <th>price</th>\n",
+              "      <th>x</th>\n",
+              "      <th>y</th>\n",
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+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>0.23</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Ideal</td>\n",
+              "      <td>E</td>\n",
+              "      <td>SI2</td>\n",
+              "      <td>61.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>326</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.95</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.98</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.43</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-9795945e-ea11-4d1f-80fa-9a5f752522f7')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-9795945e-ea11-4d1f-80fa-9a5f752522f7 button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-9795945e-ea11-4d1f-80fa-9a5f752522f7');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_diamonds\",\n  \"rows\": 1,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"carat\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 0.23,\n        \"max\": 0.23,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.23\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"cut\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Ideal\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"color\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"E\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"clarity\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"SI2\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"depth\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 61.5,\n        \"max\": 61.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          61.5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"table\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 55.0,\n        \"max\": 55.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          55.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"price\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 326,\n        \"max\": 326,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          326\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"x\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 3.95,\n        \"max\": 3.95,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.95\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"y\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 3.98,\n        \"max\": 3.98,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.98\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"z\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": null,\n        \"min\": 2.43,\n        \"max\": 2.43,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2.43\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 45
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_diamonds.sort_values(by=\"price\",ascending=True).head(1)"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "e366af69-1739-48c5-b964-298fa294bc7a",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "e366af69-1739-48c5-b964-298fa294bc7a"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "## Some Exercises Using Time Series"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "ca92f2e5-c4f3-460e-b3b1-0d6bff4694ff",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "ca92f2e5-c4f3-460e-b3b1-0d6bff4694ff"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**38.** Load the taxis dataset into a DataFrame, ```taxis```."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 46,
+      "id": "5bb6dee5-3828-4a80-8a35-98397639e5db",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 770
+        },
+        "id": "5bb6dee5-3828-4a80-8a35-98397639e5db",
+        "outputId": "bf71f114-0736-4ab8-dcd6-bbf4c879a904"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "                   pickup              dropoff  passengers  distance  fare  \\\n",
+              "0     2019-03-23 20:21:09  2019-03-23 20:27:24           1      1.60   7.0   \n",
+              "1     2019-03-04 16:11:55  2019-03-04 16:19:00           1      0.79   5.0   \n",
+              "2     2019-03-27 17:53:01  2019-03-27 18:00:25           1      1.37   7.5   \n",
+              "3     2019-03-10 01:23:59  2019-03-10 01:49:51           1      7.70  27.0   \n",
+              "4     2019-03-30 13:27:42  2019-03-30 13:37:14           3      2.16   9.0   \n",
+              "...                   ...                  ...         ...       ...   ...   \n",
+              "6428  2019-03-31 09:51:53  2019-03-31 09:55:27           1      0.75   4.5   \n",
+              "6429  2019-03-31 17:38:00  2019-03-31 18:34:23           1     18.74  58.0   \n",
+              "6430  2019-03-23 22:55:18  2019-03-23 23:14:25           1      4.14  16.0   \n",
+              "6431  2019-03-04 10:09:25  2019-03-04 10:14:29           1      1.12   6.0   \n",
+              "6432  2019-03-13 19:31:22  2019-03-13 19:48:02           1      3.85  15.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "       tip  tolls  total   color      payment            pickup_zone  \\\n",
+              "0     2.15    0.0  12.95  yellow  credit card        Lenox Hill West   \n",
+              "1     0.00    0.0   9.30  yellow         cash  Upper West Side South   \n",
+              "2     2.36    0.0  14.16  yellow  credit card          Alphabet City   \n",
+              "3     6.15    0.0  36.95  yellow  credit card              Hudson Sq   \n",
+              "4     1.10    0.0  13.40  yellow  credit card           Midtown East   \n",
+              "...    ...    ...    ...     ...          ...                    ...   \n",
+              "6428  1.06    0.0   6.36   green  credit card      East Harlem North   \n",
+              "6429  0.00    0.0  58.80   green  credit card                Jamaica   \n",
+              "6430  0.00    0.0  17.30   green         cash    Crown Heights North   \n",
+              "6431  0.00    0.0   6.80   green  credit card          East New York   \n",
+              "6432  3.36    0.0  20.16   green  credit card            Boerum Hill   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "                          dropoff_zone pickup_borough dropoff_borough  \n",
+              "0                  UN/Turtle Bay South      Manhattan       Manhattan  \n",
+              "1                Upper West Side South      Manhattan       Manhattan  \n",
+              "2                         West Village      Manhattan       Manhattan  \n",
+              "3                       Yorkville West      Manhattan       Manhattan  \n",
+              "4                       Yorkville West      Manhattan       Manhattan  \n",
+              "...                                ...            ...             ...  \n",
+              "6428              Central Harlem North      Manhattan       Manhattan  \n",
+              "6429  East Concourse/Concourse Village         Queens           Bronx  \n",
+              "6430                    Bushwick North       Brooklyn        Brooklyn  \n",
+              "6431      East Flatbush/Remsen Village       Brooklyn        Brooklyn  \n",
+              "6432                   Windsor Terrace       Brooklyn        Brooklyn  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[6433 rows x 14 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-2c22fb1d-cabf-485b-a317-a71a76858ecf\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup</th>\n",
+              "      <th>dropoff</th>\n",
+              "      <th>passengers</th>\n",
+              "      <th>distance</th>\n",
+              "      <th>fare</th>\n",
+              "      <th>tip</th>\n",
+              "      <th>tolls</th>\n",
+              "      <th>total</th>\n",
+              "      <th>color</th>\n",
+              "      <th>payment</th>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup_zone</th>\n",
+              "      <th>dropoff_zone</th>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup_borough</th>\n",
+              "      <th>dropoff_borough</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:21:09</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:27:24</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.60</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.15</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.95</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Lenox Hill West</td>\n",
+              "      <td>UN/Turtle Bay South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>1</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-04 16:11:55</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-04 16:19:00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.79</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>9.30</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>cash</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Upper West Side South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Upper West Side South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-27 17:53:01</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-27 18:00:25</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.37</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.36</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.16</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Alphabet City</td>\n",
+              "      <td>West Village</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>3</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-10 01:23:59</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-10 01:49:51</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.70</td>\n",
+              "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.15</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>36.95</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Hudson Sq</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Yorkville West</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>4</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-30 13:27:42</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-30 13:37:14</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.16</td>\n",
+              "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.10</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>13.40</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Midtown East</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Yorkville West</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6428</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-31 09:51:53</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-31 09:55:27</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.75</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.06</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.36</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East Harlem North</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Central Harlem North</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6429</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-31 17:38:00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-31 18:34:23</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.74</td>\n",
+              "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>58.80</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Jamaica</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East Concourse/Concourse Village</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Queens</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Bronx</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6430</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 22:55:18</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 23:14:25</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.14</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.30</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>cash</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Crown Heights North</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Bushwick North</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6431</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-04 10:09:25</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-04 10:14:29</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.12</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.80</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East New York</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East Flatbush/Remsen Village</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6432</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-13 19:31:22</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-13 19:48:02</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.85</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.36</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>20.16</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Boerum Hill</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Windsor Terrace</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>6433 rows × 14 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-2c22fb1d-cabf-485b-a317-a71a76858ecf')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M120-120v-720h720v720H120Zm60-500h600v-160H180v160Zm220 220h160v-160H400v160Zm0 220h160v-160H400v160ZM180-400h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160ZM180-180h160v-160H180v160Zm440 0h160v-160H620v160Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
+              "      display:flex;\n",
+              "      gap: 12px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      border: none;\n",
+              "      border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "      cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "      display: none;\n",
+              "      fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      height: 32px;\n",
+              "      padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "      width: 32px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "      fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .colab-df-buttons div {\n",
+              "      margin-bottom: 4px;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert {\n",
+              "      background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
+              "      background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "      filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "      fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  </style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#df-2c22fb1d-cabf-485b-a317-a71a76858ecf button.colab-df-convert');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-2c22fb1d-cabf-485b-a317-a71a76858ecf');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
+              "        element.innerHTML = '';\n",
+              "        dataTable['output_type'] = 'display_data';\n",
+              "        await google.colab.output.renderOutput(dataTable, element);\n",
+              "        const docLink = document.createElement('div');\n",
+              "        docLink.innerHTML = docLinkHtml;\n",
+              "        element.appendChild(docLink);\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    <div id=\"df-207a98af-cd05-4422-b996-c7a883d3e029\">\n",
+              "      <button class=\"colab-df-quickchart\" onclick=\"quickchart('df-207a98af-cd05-4422-b996-c7a883d3e029')\"\n",
+              "                title=\"Suggest charts\"\n",
+              "                style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "     width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <g>\n",
+              "        <path d=\"M19 3H5c-1.1 0-2 .9-2 2v14c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V5c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zM9 17H7v-7h2v7zm4 0h-2V7h2v10zm4 0h-2v-4h2v4z\"/>\n",
+              "    </g>\n",
+              "</svg>\n",
+              "      </button>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "<style>\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #1967D2;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #AAA;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #DDD;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  [theme=dark] .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "      --bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --fill-color: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      --hover-bg-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "      --hover-fill-color: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      --disabled-bg-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "      --disabled-fill-color: #666;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--bg-color);\n",
+              "    border: none;\n",
+              "    border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "    cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "    display: none;\n",
+              "    fill: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    height: 32px;\n",
+              "    padding: 0;\n",
+              "    width: 32px;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--hover-bg-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--button-hover-fill-color);\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled,\n",
+              "  .colab-df-quickchart-complete:disabled:hover {\n",
+              "    background-color: var(--disabled-bg-color);\n",
+              "    fill: var(--disabled-fill-color);\n",
+              "    box-shadow: none;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  .colab-df-spinner {\n",
+              "    border: 2px solid var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "    border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    animation:\n",
+              "      spin 1s steps(1) infinite;\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  @keyframes spin {\n",
+              "    0% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    20% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    30% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-left-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    40% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-top-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    60% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    80% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-right-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "    90% {\n",
+              "      border-color: transparent;\n",
+              "      border-bottom-color: var(--fill-color);\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "  }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-207a98af-cd05-4422-b996-c7a883d3e029 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_f2251cf8-7159-4193-a697-614eed00055d\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('taxis')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
+              "       width=\"24px\">\n",
+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_f2251cf8-7159-4193-a697-614eed00055d button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('taxis');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "taxis",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"taxis\",\n  \"rows\": 6433,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"object\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 6414,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"2019-03-11 21:32:20\",\n          \"2019-03-01 11:36:49\",\n          \"2019-03-24 19:36:52\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"dropoff\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"object\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 6425,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"2019-03-13 22:53:10\",\n          \"2019-03-12 23:25:20\",\n          \"2019-03-04 04:08:04\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"passengers\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1,\n        \"min\": 0,\n        \"max\": 6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1,\n          3,\n          2\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"distance\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 3.8278670010117537,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 36.7,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 1079,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2.08,\n          19.43,\n          16.65\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"fare\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 11.55180426641491,\n        \"min\": 1.0,\n        \"max\": 150.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 220,\n        \"samples\": [\n          143.5,\n          16.39,\n          44.5\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"tip\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2.4485595916360454,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 33.2,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 489,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.21,\n          7.31,\n          6.82\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"tolls\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.4152673297904774,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 24.02,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 16,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.0,\n          5.76,\n          17.28\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"total\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 13.81557004106683,\n        \"min\": 1.3,\n        \"max\": 174.82,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 898,\n        \"samples\": [\n          4.8,\n          42.0,\n          50.76\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"color\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"green\",\n          \"yellow\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"payment\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"cash\",\n          \"credit card\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup_zone\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 194,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"University Heights/Morris Heights\",\n          \"Gramercy\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"dropoff_zone\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 203,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"East Chelsea\",\n          \"Astoria\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup_borough\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Queens\",\n          \"Brooklyn\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"dropoff_borough\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Queens\",\n          \"Staten Island\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 46
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "taxis=pd.read_csv(\"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mwaskom/seaborn-data/master/taxis.csv\")\n",
+        "taxis"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "06ef6738-b5fb-4341-8ced-15f02ee5aad6",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "06ef6738-b5fb-4341-8ced-15f02ee5aad6"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**39.** The 'pickup' column contains the date and time the customer picked up, but it's a string.  Add a column to the DataFrame, 'pickup_time', containing the value in 'pickup' as a DateTime."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 49,
+      "id": "a857614a-ada0-43c5-9ba0-6e00422bf518",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "a857614a-ada0-43c5-9ba0-6e00422bf518"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": [
+        "taxis[\"pickup_time\"]=pd.to_datetime(taxis[\"pickup\"])"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "d2aca5a0-b67d-4c2b-928f-49a0df783a4a",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "d2aca5a0-b67d-4c2b-928f-49a0df783a4a"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**40.** We have a hypothesis that as the day goes on, the tips get higher.  We'll need to wrangle the data a bit before testing this, however.  First, now that we have a datetime column, pickup_time, create a subset of it to create a new DataFrame, taxis_one_day. This new DataFrame should have values between '2019-03-23 00:06:00' (inclusive) and '2019-03-24 00:00:00' (exlusive)."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 52,
+      "id": "4c92be8d-ee1a-452d-84e9-64617cbcd850",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 790
+        },
+        "id": "4c92be8d-ee1a-452d-84e9-64617cbcd850",
+        "outputId": "d9812a56-4023-4b8f-a8f8-c034fb000a8e"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "                   pickup              dropoff  passengers  distance  fare  \\\n",
+              "0     2019-03-23 20:21:09  2019-03-23 20:27:24           1      1.60   7.0   \n",
+              "8     2019-03-23 11:48:50  2019-03-23 12:06:14           1      3.63  15.0   \n",
+              "17    2019-03-23 20:50:49  2019-03-23 21:02:07           1      2.60  10.5   \n",
+              "117   2019-03-23 09:39:25  2019-03-23 09:56:45           0      3.60  15.5   \n",
+              "144   2019-03-23 18:35:01  2019-03-23 18:47:39           1      3.20  12.5   \n",
+              "...                   ...                  ...         ...       ...   ...   \n",
+              "6325  2019-03-23 20:52:40  2019-03-23 21:10:12           1      3.62  14.5   \n",
+              "6331  2019-03-23 11:27:00  2019-03-23 12:20:11           1      7.67  28.0   \n",
+              "6338  2019-03-23 18:05:38  2019-03-23 18:25:36           1      2.82  14.0   \n",
+              "6427  2019-03-23 18:26:09  2019-03-23 18:49:12           1      7.07  20.0   \n",
+              "6430  2019-03-23 22:55:18  2019-03-23 23:14:25           1      4.14  16.0   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "       tip  tolls  total   color      payment                     pickup_zone  \\\n",
+              "0     2.15    0.0  12.95  yellow  credit card                 Lenox Hill West   \n",
+              "8     1.00    0.0  19.30  yellow  credit card               East Harlem South   \n",
+              "17    2.00    0.0  16.30  yellow  credit card                  Midtown Center   \n",
+              "117   3.75    0.0  22.55  yellow  credit card                  Yorkville East   \n",
+              "144   2.00    0.0  17.80  yellow  credit card             UN/Turtle Bay South   \n",
+              "...    ...    ...    ...     ...          ...                             ...   \n",
+              "6325  0.00    0.0  15.80   green         cash  Long Island City/Hunters Point   \n",
+              "6331  0.00    0.0  28.00   green         cash                 Jackson Heights   \n",
+              "6338  0.00    0.0  14.80   green  credit card              Claremont/Bathgate   \n",
+              "6427  0.00    0.0  20.00   green         cash                     Parkchester   \n",
+              "6430  0.00    0.0  17.30   green         cash             Crown Heights North   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "                      dropoff_zone pickup_borough dropoff_borough  \\\n",
+              "0              UN/Turtle Bay South      Manhattan       Manhattan   \n",
+              "8                   Midtown Center      Manhattan       Manhattan   \n",
+              "17               East Harlem South      Manhattan       Manhattan   \n",
+              "117   Penn Station/Madison Sq West      Manhattan       Manhattan   \n",
+              "144                   East Village      Manhattan       Manhattan   \n",
+              "...                            ...            ...             ...   \n",
+              "6325                      Steinway         Queens          Queens   \n",
+              "6331                       Maspeth         Queens          Queens   \n",
+              "6338    Spuyten Duyvil/Kingsbridge          Bronx           Bronx   \n",
+              "6427             East Harlem South          Bronx       Manhattan   \n",
+              "6430                Bushwick North       Brooklyn        Brooklyn   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "             pickup_time  \n",
+              "0    2019-03-23 20:21:09  \n",
+              "8    2019-03-23 11:48:50  \n",
+              "17   2019-03-23 20:50:49  \n",
+              "117  2019-03-23 09:39:25  \n",
+              "144  2019-03-23 18:35:01  \n",
+              "...                  ...  \n",
+              "6325 2019-03-23 20:52:40  \n",
+              "6331 2019-03-23 11:27:00  \n",
+              "6338 2019-03-23 18:05:38  \n",
+              "6427 2019-03-23 18:26:09  \n",
+              "6430 2019-03-23 22:55:18  \n",
+              "\n",
+              "[209 rows x 15 columns]"
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-b10b4daf-b3be-4242-9b34-ce5d946524e3\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
+              "    }\n",
+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup</th>\n",
+              "      <th>dropoff</th>\n",
+              "      <th>passengers</th>\n",
+              "      <th>distance</th>\n",
+              "      <th>fare</th>\n",
+              "      <th>tip</th>\n",
+              "      <th>tolls</th>\n",
+              "      <th>total</th>\n",
+              "      <th>color</th>\n",
+              "      <th>payment</th>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup_zone</th>\n",
+              "      <th>dropoff_zone</th>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup_borough</th>\n",
+              "      <th>dropoff_borough</th>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup_time</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>0</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:21:09</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:27:24</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.60</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.15</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.95</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Lenox Hill West</td>\n",
+              "      <td>UN/Turtle Bay South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:21:09</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>8</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 11:48:50</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 12:06:14</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.63</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>19.30</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East Harlem South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Midtown Center</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 11:48:50</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>17</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:50:49</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 21:02:07</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.60</td>\n",
+              "      <td>10.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.30</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Midtown Center</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East Harlem South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:50:49</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>117</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 09:39:25</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 09:56:45</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.60</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.75</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>22.55</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Yorkville East</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Penn Station/Madison Sq West</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 09:39:25</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>144</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:35:01</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:47:39</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.20</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.80</td>\n",
+              "      <td>yellow</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>UN/Turtle Bay South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East Village</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:35:01</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>...</th>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "      <td>...</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6325</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:52:40</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 21:10:12</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.62</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.5</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.80</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>cash</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Long Island City/Hunters Point</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Steinway</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Queens</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Queens</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 20:52:40</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6331</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 11:27:00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 12:20:11</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.67</td>\n",
+              "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>28.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>cash</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Jackson Heights</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Maspeth</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Queens</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Queens</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 11:27:00</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6338</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:05:38</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:25:36</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.82</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.80</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>credit card</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Claremont/Bathgate</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Spuyten Duyvil/Kingsbridge</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Bronx</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Bronx</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:05:38</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6427</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:26:09</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:49:12</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.07</td>\n",
+              "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>20.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>cash</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Parkchester</td>\n",
+              "      <td>East Harlem South</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Bronx</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Manhattan</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 18:26:09</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>6430</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 22:55:18</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 23:14:25</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.14</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.0</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.30</td>\n",
+              "      <td>green</td>\n",
+              "      <td>cash</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Crown Heights North</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Bushwick North</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "      <td>Brooklyn</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2019-03-23 22:55:18</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "<p>209 rows × 15 columns</p>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-b10b4daf-b3be-4242-9b34-ce5d946524e3')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
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+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('taxis_one_day')\"\n",
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+              "\n",
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+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "taxis_one_day",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"taxis_one_day\",\n  \"rows\": 209,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"object\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 209,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"2019-03-23 11:26:58\",\n          \"2019-03-23 12:26:03\",\n          \"2019-03-23 15:38:12\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"dropoff\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"object\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 209,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"2019-03-23 11:35:17\",\n          \"2019-03-23 12:35:01\",\n          \"2019-03-23 15:48:10\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"passengers\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1,\n        \"min\": 0,\n        \"max\": 6,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 7,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1,\n          0,\n          6\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"distance\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 2.912685287071664,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 18.7,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 140,\n        \"samples\": [\n          9.31,\n          0.7,\n          18.7\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"fare\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 9.260668970291944,\n        \"min\": 2.5,\n        \"max\": 55.0,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 48,\n        \"samples\": [\n          14.0,\n          19.0,\n          13.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"tip\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.9184299450794153,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 12.21,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 70,\n        \"samples\": [\n          12.2,\n          2.15,\n          0.01\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"tolls\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.0332532925574367,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 5.76,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 3,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.0,\n          5.76,\n          5.54\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"total\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 10.823047811961626,\n        \"min\": 3.3,\n        \"max\": 73.27,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 119,\n        \"samples\": [\n          29.3,\n          18.3,\n          17.8\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"color\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"green\",\n          \"yellow\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"payment\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 2,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"cash\",\n          \"credit card\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup_zone\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 71,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"JFK Airport\",\n          \"Lenox Hill West\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"dropoff_zone\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 75,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"East Village\",\n          \"Williamsburg (South Side)\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup_borough\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Queens\",\n          \"Bronx\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"dropoff_borough\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"category\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 4,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"Queens\",\n          \"Bronx\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup_time\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"date\",\n        \"min\": \"2019-03-23 00:07:14\",\n        \"max\": \"2019-03-23 23:50:41\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 209,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"2019-03-23 11:26:58\",\n          \"2019-03-23 12:26:03\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 52
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "taxis_one_day=taxis[(taxis[\"pickup_time\"]>'2019-03-23 00:06:00') & (taxis[\"pickup_time\"]<'2019-03-24 00:00:00')]\n",
+        "taxis_one_day"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "14b66e0e-762c-433c-9041-e40cf624eaa5",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "14b66e0e-762c-433c-9041-e40cf624eaa5"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**41.** We now have a range from morning until midnight, but we to take the mean of the numeric columns, grouped at one hour intervals.  Save the result as df_means, and display it."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 54,
+      "id": "baca4e69-dc2d-492e-918b-c15d7d560b4b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "colab": {
+          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
+          "height": 869
+        },
+        "id": "baca4e69-dc2d-492e-918b-c15d7d560b4b",
+        "outputId": "dba4bea5-268b-4b5e-8326-bda2e4eea648"
+      },
+      "outputs": [
+        {
+          "output_type": "stream",
+          "name": "stderr",
+          "text": [
+            "/tmp/ipython-input-3815462732.py:1: FutureWarning: 'H' is deprecated and will be removed in a future version, please use 'h' instead.\n",
+            "  df_means=taxis_one_day.groupby(pd.Grouper(key=\"pickup_time\",freq=\"1H\")).mean(numeric_only=True)\n"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "output_type": "execute_result",
+          "data": {
+            "text/plain": [
+              "                     passengers  distance       fare       tip     tolls  \\\n",
+              "pickup_time                                                                \n",
+              "2019-03-23 00:00:00    1.000000  1.911667   8.583333  1.415000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 01:00:00    1.250000  1.325000   7.875000  1.525000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 02:00:00    1.727273  1.739091   8.181818  1.641818  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 03:00:00    1.500000  3.377500  11.750000  2.410000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 04:00:00    2.000000  0.950000   5.500000  0.915000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 05:00:00    2.000000  1.270000   6.000000  0.980000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 06:00:00    1.000000  0.400000  21.500000  0.000000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 07:00:00    2.333333  0.980000   5.250000  1.165000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 08:00:00    1.000000  0.020000   2.500000  0.000000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 09:00:00    1.500000  1.352000   7.400000  1.674000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 10:00:00    1.000000  1.760000   8.750000  0.727500  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 11:00:00    1.909091  2.070000  11.090909  0.803636  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 12:00:00    2.000000  2.267143  10.260000  0.645714  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 13:00:00    2.500000  1.167000   7.550000  2.074000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 14:00:00    2.470588  4.752941  18.330000  1.945294  1.003529   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 15:00:00    1.000000  6.557143  22.214286  3.210000  1.645714   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 16:00:00    2.000000  2.194545  10.454545  1.109091  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 17:00:00    1.090909  1.913636  14.818182  2.688182  0.523636   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 18:00:00    1.571429  3.206429  12.821429  0.844286  0.411429   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 19:00:00    1.526316  2.097895  10.263158  1.176316  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 20:00:00    1.400000  2.448000  11.100000  1.544000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 21:00:00    1.000000  2.017143  10.571429  1.420000  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 22:00:00    1.307692  1.881538   8.923077  1.094615  0.000000   \n",
+              "2019-03-23 23:00:00    1.615385  3.725385  15.115385  1.696154  0.000000   \n",
+              "\n",
+              "                         total  \n",
+              "pickup_time                     \n",
+              "2019-03-23 00:00:00  12.965000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 01:00:00  12.575000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 02:00:00  13.169091  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 03:00:00  17.335000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 04:00:00  10.215000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 05:00:00  10.530000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 06:00:00  23.133333  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 07:00:00   9.298333  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 08:00:00   3.300000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 09:00:00  12.124000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 10:00:00  12.152500  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 11:00:00  14.667273  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 12:00:00  13.420000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 13:00:00  12.344000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 14:00:00  24.267059  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 15:00:00  30.370000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 16:00:00  14.431818  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 17:00:00  20.739091  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 18:00:00  16.427143  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 19:00:00  14.226316  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 20:00:00  15.944000  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 21:00:00  15.791429  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 22:00:00  13.433077  \n",
+              "2019-03-23 23:00:00  20.034615  "
+            ],
+            "text/html": [
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"df-ceed42c8-9f1b-48ea-ad77-43fbc9713ada\" class=\"colab-df-container\">\n",
+              "    <div>\n",
+              "<style scoped>\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+              "        text-align: right;\n",
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+              "</style>\n",
+              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+              "  <thead>\n",
+              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th>passengers</th>\n",
+              "      <th>distance</th>\n",
+              "      <th>fare</th>\n",
+              "      <th>tip</th>\n",
+              "      <th>tolls</th>\n",
+              "      <th>total</th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>pickup_time</th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "      <th></th>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </thead>\n",
+              "  <tbody>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 00:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.911667</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8.583333</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.415000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.965000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 01:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.250000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.325000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.875000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.525000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.575000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 02:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.727273</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.739091</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8.181818</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.641818</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>13.169091</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 03:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.500000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.377500</td>\n",
+              "      <td>11.750000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.410000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>17.335000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 04:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.950000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.500000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.915000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>10.215000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 05:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.270000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.980000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>10.530000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 06:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.400000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>21.500000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>23.133333</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 07:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.333333</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.980000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>5.250000</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>9.298333</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 08:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.020000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.500000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.300000</td>\n",
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+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 09:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.500000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.352000</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>1.674000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
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+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 10:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.760000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8.750000</td>\n",
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+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.152500</td>\n",
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+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 11:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.909091</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.070000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>11.090909</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.803636</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.667273</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 12:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.267143</td>\n",
+              "      <td>10.260000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.645714</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>13.420000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 13:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.500000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.167000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>7.550000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.074000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.344000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 14:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.470588</td>\n",
+              "      <td>4.752941</td>\n",
+              "      <td>18.330000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.945294</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.003529</td>\n",
+              "      <td>24.267059</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 15:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>6.557143</td>\n",
+              "      <td>22.214286</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.210000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.645714</td>\n",
+              "      <td>30.370000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 16:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>2.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.194545</td>\n",
+              "      <td>10.454545</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.109091</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.431818</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 17:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.090909</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.913636</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.818182</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.688182</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.523636</td>\n",
+              "      <td>20.739091</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 18:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.571429</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.206429</td>\n",
+              "      <td>12.821429</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.844286</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.411429</td>\n",
+              "      <td>16.427143</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 19:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.526316</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.097895</td>\n",
+              "      <td>10.263158</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.176316</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>14.226316</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 20:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.400000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.448000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>11.100000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.544000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.944000</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 21:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>2.017143</td>\n",
+              "      <td>10.571429</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.420000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.791429</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 22:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.307692</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.881538</td>\n",
+              "      <td>8.923077</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.094615</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>13.433077</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "    <tr>\n",
+              "      <th>2019-03-23 23:00:00</th>\n",
+              "      <td>1.615385</td>\n",
+              "      <td>3.725385</td>\n",
+              "      <td>15.115385</td>\n",
+              "      <td>1.696154</td>\n",
+              "      <td>0.000000</td>\n",
+              "      <td>20.034615</td>\n",
+              "    </tr>\n",
+              "  </tbody>\n",
+              "</table>\n",
+              "</div>\n",
+              "    <div class=\"colab-df-buttons\">\n",
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+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-convert\" onclick=\"convertToInteractive('df-ceed42c8-9f1b-48ea-ad77-43fbc9713ada')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Convert this dataframe to an interactive table.\"\n",
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+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\">\n",
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+              "  <style>\n",
+              "    .colab-df-container {\n",
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+              "      fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
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+              "    [theme=dark] .colab-df-convert:hover {\n",
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+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      async function convertToInteractive(key) {\n",
+              "        const element = document.querySelector('#df-ceed42c8-9f1b-48ea-ad77-43fbc9713ada');\n",
+              "        const dataTable =\n",
+              "          await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction('convertToInteractive',\n",
+              "                                                    [key], {});\n",
+              "        if (!dataTable) return;\n",
+              "\n",
+              "        const docLinkHtml = 'Like what you see? Visit the ' +\n",
+              "          '<a target=\"_blank\" href=https://colab.research.google.com/notebooks/data_table.ipynb>data table notebook</a>'\n",
+              "          + ' to learn more about interactive tables.';\n",
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+              "\n",
+              "      <script>\n",
+              "        async function quickchart(key) {\n",
+              "          const quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#' + key + ' button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.disabled = true;  // To prevent multiple clicks.\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          try {\n",
+              "            const charts = await google.colab.kernel.invokeFunction(\n",
+              "                'suggestCharts', [key], {});\n",
+              "          } catch (error) {\n",
+              "            console.error('Error during call to suggestCharts:', error);\n",
+              "          }\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.remove('colab-df-spinner');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.classList.add('colab-df-quickchart-complete');\n",
+              "        }\n",
+              "        (() => {\n",
+              "          let quickchartButtonEl =\n",
+              "            document.querySelector('#df-e860ae28-80a6-4a81-bee5-6d8e076cc7e5 button');\n",
+              "          quickchartButtonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "            google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "        })();\n",
+              "      </script>\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <div id=\"id_86899091-5b36-40d1-a42a-381fba625809\">\n",
+              "    <style>\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E8F0FE;\n",
+              "        border: none;\n",
+              "        border-radius: 50%;\n",
+              "        cursor: pointer;\n",
+              "        display: none;\n",
+              "        fill: #1967D2;\n",
+              "        height: 32px;\n",
+              "        padding: 0 0 0 0;\n",
+              "        width: 32px;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #E2EBFA;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3), 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15);\n",
+              "        fill: #174EA6;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate {\n",
+              "        background-color: #3B4455;\n",
+              "        fill: #D2E3FC;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      [theme=dark] .colab-df-generate:hover {\n",
+              "        background-color: #434B5C;\n",
+              "        box-shadow: 0px 1px 3px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);\n",
+              "        filter: drop-shadow(0px 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3));\n",
+              "        fill: #FFFFFF;\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "    </style>\n",
+              "    <button class=\"colab-df-generate\" onclick=\"generateWithVariable('df_means')\"\n",
+              "            title=\"Generate code using this dataframe.\"\n",
+              "            style=\"display:none;\">\n",
+              "\n",
+              "  <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" height=\"24px\"viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"\n",
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+              "    <path d=\"M7,19H8.4L18.45,9,17,7.55,7,17.6ZM5,21V16.75L18.45,3.32a2,2,0,0,1,2.83,0l1.4,1.43a1.91,1.91,0,0,1,.58,1.4,1.91,1.91,0,0,1-.58,1.4L9.25,21ZM18.45,9,17,7.55Zm-12,3A5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,8.1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,1,6.5,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,4.9,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,6.5,1,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,8.1,4.9,5.31,5.31,0,0,0,12,6.5,5.46,5.46,0,0,0,6.5,12Z\"/>\n",
+              "  </svg>\n",
+              "    </button>\n",
+              "    <script>\n",
+              "      (() => {\n",
+              "      const buttonEl =\n",
+              "        document.querySelector('#id_86899091-5b36-40d1-a42a-381fba625809 button.colab-df-generate');\n",
+              "      buttonEl.style.display =\n",
+              "        google.colab.kernel.accessAllowed ? 'block' : 'none';\n",
+              "\n",
+              "      buttonEl.onclick = () => {\n",
+              "        google.colab.notebook.generateWithVariable('df_means');\n",
+              "      }\n",
+              "      })();\n",
+              "    </script>\n",
+              "  </div>\n",
+              "\n",
+              "    </div>\n",
+              "  </div>\n"
+            ],
+            "application/vnd.google.colaboratory.intrinsic+json": {
+              "type": "dataframe",
+              "variable_name": "df_means",
+              "summary": "{\n  \"name\": \"df_means\",\n  \"rows\": 24,\n  \"fields\": [\n    {\n      \"column\": \"pickup_time\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"date\",\n        \"min\": \"2019-03-23 00:00:00\",\n        \"max\": \"2019-03-23 23:00:00\",\n        \"num_unique_values\": 24,\n        \"samples\": [\n          \"2019-03-23 08:00:00\",\n          \"2019-03-23 16:00:00\",\n          \"2019-03-23 00:00:00\"\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"passengers\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.49037419813216393,\n        \"min\": 1.0,\n        \"max\": 2.5,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 15,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1.0909090909090908,\n          1.5263157894736843,\n          1.0\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"distance\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 1.405026463375497,\n        \"min\": 0.02,\n        \"max\": 6.557142857142858,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 24,\n        \"samples\": [\n          0.02,\n          2.194545454545455,\n          1.9116666666666668\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"fare\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 4.858496791901966,\n        \"min\": 2.5,\n        \"max\": 22.214285714285715,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 24,\n        \"samples\": [\n          2.5,\n          10.454545454545455,\n          8.583333333333334\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"tip\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.758503028946405,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 3.21,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 23,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1.1090909090909091,\n          0.7275,\n          1.415\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"tolls\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 0.3969236292933474,\n        \"min\": 0.0,\n        \"max\": 1.6457142857142857,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 5,\n        \"samples\": [\n          1.0035294117647058,\n          0.4114285714285714,\n          1.6457142857142857\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"column\": \"total\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"dtype\": \"number\",\n        \"std\": 5.557120639119065,\n        \"min\": 3.3,\n        \"max\": 30.37,\n        \"num_unique_values\": 24,\n        \"samples\": [\n          3.3,\n          14.431818181818182,\n          12.965000000000002\n        ],\n        \"semantic_type\": \"\",\n        \"description\": \"\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}"
+            }
+          },
+          "metadata": {},
+          "execution_count": 54
+        }
+      ],
+      "source": [
+        "df_means=taxis_one_day.groupby(pd.Grouper(key=\"pickup_time\",freq=\"1H\")).mean(numeric_only=True)\n",
+        "df_means"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "601743a0-8e97-46f3-8c46-6681353d374c",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "601743a0-8e97-46f3-8c46-6681353d374c"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**42.** Create a simple line plot of the value \"distance\".  "
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 18,
+      "id": "d270aaf8-b52e-4d1f-8373-3ce72f9d4a81",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "d270aaf8-b52e-4d1f-8373-3ce72f9d4a81"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "deba998f-24b1-4fc3-93e6-807955ba111b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "deba998f-24b1-4fc3-93e6-807955ba111b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**43.** Overall, do riders travel further or less far as the day progresses?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "4b69ad07-bd6c-4ef8-8caa-ec0b5b4a2b21",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "4b69ad07-bd6c-4ef8-8caa-ec0b5b4a2b21"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "3c1784d1-e66d-40c7-87d1-a5a4bc7dd43b",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "3c1784d1-e66d-40c7-87d1-a5a4bc7dd43b"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**44.** Create a new column in taxis_means, ```tip_in_percent```.  The source columns for this should be \"fare\" and \"tip\""
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 18,
+      "id": "014637ae-70f7-4289-8077-5264bf46daab",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "014637ae-70f7-4289-8077-5264bf46daab"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "15be5b49-d465-48a7-9b3b-6d58291752d9",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "15be5b49-d465-48a7-9b3b-6d58291752d9"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**45.** Create a new column, time_interval, as a range of integer values beginning with zero."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 18,
+      "id": "bcc2dca5-7682-4e55-b218-e94006071ebd",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "bcc2dca5-7682-4e55-b218-e94006071ebd"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "269b329e-cade-4e54-9ed8-ce5d23006750",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "269b329e-cade-4e54-9ed8-ce5d23006750"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "Display the correlations between the following pairs of values:\n",
+        "1. tip_in_percent and distance.\n",
+        "1. tip_in_percent and passengers.\n",
+        "1. tip_in_percent and time_interval."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 18,
+      "id": "7003165a-2e86-46fa-9b0c-bb1e9dab4afd",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "7003165a-2e86-46fa-9b0c-bb1e9dab4afd"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "934d0379-8d2c-4579-af88-fafffdb58767",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "934d0379-8d2c-4579-af88-fafffdb58767"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**47.** Admittedly, the size of the data set is fairly small given how we've subsetted it.  But based on the values in #45, which of the three pairs show the strongest correlation."
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "04dfb838-f8de-4e79-8076-12ef0c187fc4",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "04dfb838-f8de-4e79-8076-12ef0c187fc4"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "279a9e91-2488-4e53-8234-ddde076fbe30",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "279a9e91-2488-4e53-8234-ddde076fbe30"
+      },
+      "source": [
+        "**48.** Did our hypothesis that people tip more as the day goes on turn out to be warranted?"
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "markdown",
+      "id": "6aaf603f-5099-457c-99eb-bf8370583a0c",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "6aaf603f-5099-457c-99eb-bf8370583a0c"
+      },
+      "source": []
+    },
+    {
+      "cell_type": "code",
+      "execution_count": 18,
+      "id": "c885f77c-db5c-462b-8231-663e56f7f497",
+      "metadata": {
+        "id": "c885f77c-db5c-462b-8231-663e56f7f497"
+      },
+      "outputs": [],
+      "source": []
+    }
+  ],
+  "metadata": {
+    "kernelspec": {
+      "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+      "language": "python",
+      "name": "python3"
+    },
+    "language_info": {
+      "codemirror_mode": {
+        "name": "ipython",
+        "version": 3
+      },
+      "file_extension": ".py",
+      "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+      "name": "python",
+      "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+      "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+      "version": "3.10.2"
+    },
+    "colab": {
+      "provenance": []
+    }
+  },
+  "nbformat": 4,
+  "nbformat_minor": 5
+}
\ No newline at end of file
